Anatomy > Digestive System I > Flashcards

Digestive System I Flashcards

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1
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A
  • aka alimentary canal

- includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and the large intestine

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2
Q

accessory digestive organs

A

-includes the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas

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3
Q

soft palate

A
  • muscular arch: skeletal muscle

- covered w mucous membrane

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4
Q

uvula

A
  • cone-shaped projection of soft palate

- prevents food and liquid from entering the nasopharynx

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5
Q

frenulum

A
  • fold of tissue under tongue

- restricts movement

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6
Q

tongue intrinsic muscles

A
  • interwoven skeletal muscle

- basically the body of the tongue

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7
Q

tongue extrinsic muscles

A
  • attached the base of the tongue
  • originate on hyoid and other structures
  • ex: hyoglossus muscle
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8
Q

dorsal surface of tongue

A
  • papillae

- lingual tonsils

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9
Q

tongue papillae

A
  • small raised areas
  • taste buds
  • structures sensitive to touch
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10
Q

tongue lingual tonsils

A

-lymphoid tissue on posterior portion of tongue

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11
Q

crown of teeth

A

-exposed portion

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12
Q

neck of teeth

A

-gums attach here

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13
Q

root of teeth

A

-anchors tooth fairy in jaw

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14
Q

periodontal membrane of teeth**

A

-special type of CT which lines tooth socket

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15
Q

gingiva of teeth

A

-mucous membrane

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16
Q

alveolus of teeth

A

-socket (cavity) in base

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17
Q

enamel of teeth

A

-mostly CaPO4

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18
Q

dentin of teeth

A

-bone-like material

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19
Q

pulp of teeth

A
  • nerves

- blood vessels

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20
Q

root canal of teeth

A

-canal in which pulp is found

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21
Q

salivary glands function

A

-responsible for production and secretion of saliva

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22
Q

types of salivary glands

A
  • parotid glands
  • submandibular glands
  • sublingual glands
  • buccal glands
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23
Q

parotid glands

A
  • located inferior and anterior to ear
  • drains into oral cavity near 2nd upper molar
  • biggest gland
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24
Q

submandibular glands

A
  • located just inside the mandible
  • empties into the floor of the mouth
  • exocrine glands
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25
sublingual glands
- located under mucosa in floor of mouth - empties into floor of mouth - exocrine glands
26
buccal glands
- small glands located on mucosal membrane of the mouth | - think of buccinator
27
composition saliva
- water (99%) - enzymes - mucous - salts
28
water in saliva function
-dissolves food and chemicals so they can be digested (and tasted)
29
enzymes in saliva
- lysosome - amylase - lipase
30
enzymes in saliva: lysozyme function
- destroys bacteria | - cleans teeth
31
enzymes in saliva: amylase function
-begins digestion of starches only a tiny bit**
32
enzymes in saliva: lipase function
-begins digestion of fats
33
mucus in saliva function
-lubrication
34
salts in saliva function
-maintains proper pH for digestive enzymes
35
what controls salivation?
-under control of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
36
pharynx structure**
- lines with stratified squamous epithelium - mucous membrane (lubrication) - skeletal muscle
37
is the initial step in swallowing a voluntary or involuntary process?
- voluntary | - involves elevation of root of tongue (helps pass bolus/food posteriorly into oropharynx)
38
mucosa: epithelium
- stratified squamous at beg. and end of tract(mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and canal) - simple columnar in middle (stomach, small, large intestine) - glands: lots of glands
39
mucosa: submucosa
- contains many blood vessels(nourishes mucosa & absorb nutrients) - elastic and collagenous fibers(allow GI tract to expand) - nerve plexuses innervate glands
40
lacteals function
- has lymphatic vessels | - absorbs fats
41
muscularis externa
-made of smooth muscle
42
serosa (adventitia)
-over covering composed of fibrous CT
43
where is skeletal muscle located?
- oral cavity - pharynx - part of esophagus - anal canal
44
blood supply: celiac trunk
- supplies upper GI system - gastric artery to stomach and esophagus - splenic artery to spleen - hepatic arteries to liver
45
blood supply: superior mesenteric
- duodenum and most of small intestine | - ascending and transverse colon
46
blood supply: inferior mesenteric
- transverse and sigmoid colon | - rectum
47
plexuses in the walls of digestive tract
- meissner's plexus | - myenteric plexus
48
meissner's plexus location and function
- located in submucosa - aids in gland secretion - innervates smooth muscle layer that squeezes mucosa
49
myenteric's plexus location and function
- located in muscularis layer | - major nerve supply to smooth muscle of GI tract
50
esophagus location
- posterior to trachea - begins at larynx - passes through hiatus in the diaphragm to join stomach
51
esophagus structure
- mucosa - submucosa - muscularis externa - gastroesophageal sphincter
52
esophagus: mucosa layer
-stratified squamous
53
esophagus: submucosa layer
-blood vessels and nerves
54
esophagus: muscularis externa layer
- upper 1/3 - middle 1/3 - lower 1/3
55
esophagus muscularis externa layer: upper 1/3
-skeletal muscle
56
esophagus: muscularis externa layer: middle 1/3
-combination of skeletal and smooth muscle
57
esophagus: muscularis externa layer: lower 1/3
-smooth muscle only (must be innervated by ANS)
58
esophagus: gastroesophageal sphincter
- aka cardiac sphincter - composed of smooth muscle - helps prevent stomach contents from being regurgitated into the esophagus
59
what nervous systems are the gut regulated by?
- parasympathetic nervous system - sympathetic nervous system - enteric nervous system
60
parasympathetic nervous system regulation
- responsible for normal digestive processes while body is at homeostasis - fibers come from vagus or phrenic nerves - could directly or indirectly activate the smooth muscle in walls of tract and glands in tract & secondary digestive organs
61
sympathetic nervous system regulation
- comes from thoracic region of spinal cord and sympathetic chain ganglia - inhibit motility and secretion during flight or fight response to reroute sources to musculoskeletal system
62
enteric system regulation
- intrinsic system of the gut - no direct connection w/ CNS and can operate independently - controls glands and muscles of digestive tract - receives input from ANS
63
lip function
- obicularis iris muscle | - composed of CT, skin, numerous sensory receptors, & blood vessels
64
cheek function
- stratified squamous epithelium | - formed by muscles of facial expression
65
hard palate
-formed by palatine and maxilla bones
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