Anatomy > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

structures of the eye

A
  • eyebrow/eyelid/eyelashes
  • conjunctiva
  • lacrimal gland
  • nasolacrimal duct
  • extrinsic muscles of the eye
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2
Q

eyebrow/eyelash function

A

-protects eye from dust and foreign objects

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3
Q

eyelid function

A

-protects eye from foreign objects

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4
Q

eyebrow/eyelid/eyelashes function

A
  • keeps eye moist

- contains a small amount of cartilage

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5
Q

conjunctiva structure

A

-thin mucus membrane

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6
Q

conjunctiva location

A
  • on the inner surface (on the back part) of the eyelid and sclera
  • doesn’t cover the cornea
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7
Q

sclera location

A

-white part of the anterior surface of the eyeball

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8
Q

conjunctivitis**

A
  • pink eye

- can be inflamed and diffusely reddened sure to viral infection

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9
Q

lacrimal gland

A
  • upper cornea of the orbit
  • secretes tears with parth of flow
    • ->upper lateral portion of eye to inferior medial part
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10
Q

what nerve controls the lacrimal gland?

A

-facial nerve (CN VII)

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11
Q

nasolacrimal duct

A

-passes from medial corner of the orbit and lateral nose to the nasal cavity

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12
Q

extrinsic muscles of the eye

A
  • these muscles allow for superior, inferior, medial lateral rotational
  • controlled by skeletal muscles
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13
Q

eyeball layers

A
  • outermost
  • middle
  • innermost
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14
Q

outermost eye components

A
  • sclera

- cornea

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15
Q

outermost eye: sclera location

A
  • called the white of eye
  • tough outermost layer of CT
  • continuous with dura mater
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16
Q

outermost eye: sclera function

A

-protects the sensitive inner structure and gives shape

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17
Q

outermost eye: cornea location

A
  • transparent anterior portion that bulges

- covers iris, pupils and anterior chamlar

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18
Q

is the cornea vascular or avascular?

A
  • avascular

- oxygen diffuses from vessels in sclera

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19
Q

is the middle eye vascular or avascular?

A

vascular

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20
Q

middle eye components

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
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21
Q

middle eye: choroid function

A

-combines blood vessels supplying interior of eyeball

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22
Q

middle eye: ciliary body

A

-contains muscle which changes shape of the lens

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23
Q

middle eye: iris

Study These Flashcards
A
  • colored/pigmented smooth muscle

- regulates size of pupil to protect retina from strong light

24
Q

what is the innermost eye called?

Study These Flashcards
A

-retina (has 10 layers)

25
retina structure
- one outer pigment layer | - ->black in color which absorbs light rays
26
retina components
- pigmented layer | - nervous layer
27
retina pigmented layer
-only one layer
28
retina nervous layer
- nine layers | - 3 of them involved in conduction of image
29
which nervous layers are involved in the conduction of image?
- rods (dim light) and cones (color) - bipolar cells - ganglion cells
30
what are the steps in the visual response pathway?
- the stimulation of the photoreceptor cells of the retina(rods & cones) as light reached them - impulses generated from retina are passed onto optic nerve and then to visual centers in cortex(occipital lobe)
31
optic nerve composition/location
- composed of axons from ganglion cell layer of retina (forms optic nerve and passes back towards brain) - extends from posterior side of eye
32
optic nerve function
-transmits impulse to visual pathway
33
fovea centralis
-area of most acute vision/sharpest vision
34
optic disc
- aka "blind spot" - where optic nerve enters with blood vessels - no cells of retina here**
35
visual pathway path
retina--> optic nerve--> optic chiasm--> optic tract --> lateral geniculate (thalamus) --> optic radiations --> visual (occipital cortex)
36
lens
- changes shape to help bend light rays | - brings them into sharp focus on the retina
37
lens characteristics
- crystal clear/transparent - contains elastic CT - composed of protein
38
what is the len's adaptability called?
-accomodation
39
what happens if there's excess protein in the lens
- the lens becomes cloudy | - cloudy lens is called a cataract
40
cavities components
- anterior cavity (anterior to lens) | - posterior cavity (posterior to lens)
41
the anterior cavity is composed of what two chambers?
- anterior chamber | - posterior chamber
42
the anterior cavity's chambers contain what?
-aqueous humor
43
aqueous humor
- a clear liquid produced by "ciliary body" | - continually produced
44
glaucoma
-if the aqueous humor isn't drained through channels, the increases in pressure causes blindness (this is called glaucoma)
45
posterior cavity
- aka vitreous chamber | - contains vitreous humor
46
vitreous humor composition
-clear, gelatinous substance produced during embryonic development
47
vitreous humor function
-maintains pressure and shape of eyeball
48
how is the eye supplied with blood?
- vessels enter with optic nerve coming off branches of internal carotid artery - vessels in choroid layer come in laterally
49
what needs to happen for optimum vision?
- light must be focused on the retina - amount of light reaching retina must be regulated - all controlled by ANS
50
what does the eye do for optimal vision?
- change in shape of lens (aka accommodation) - alteration in size of lens - convergence
51
accomodation overall functional components
- focuses on a far object | - focuses on a nearby object
52
how does the eye focus on a far object?
- ciliary muscles relax | - lens move back and stretched out by suspensory ligaments (bc lens is thin)
53
how does the eye focus on a close object?
- ciliary muscles tense up (get larger) | - lens move forward
54
what is convergence?
-eyeballs rotate medially for better focusing of light when viewing an object close up
55
altering size of pupils overall functional components
- dilation | - constriction
56
dilation
- muscle that runs radially (in smooth muscle) | - controlled by oculomotor nerve
57
constriction
- muscle turns in circular direction (in smooth muscle) | - controlled by oculomotor nerve
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