Tissue I

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

a groups of cells which act together to perform a specific function

Question 2

histology

Answer 2

the study of tissues

Question 3

tissue composition

Answer 3

cells and intercellular matrix

Question 4

types of tissue

Answer 4

epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, nervous

Question 5

epithelium tissue

Answer 5

• covers the surface of the body
• lines the interior of organs and body cavities
• major component of glands

Question 6

connective tissue

Answer 6

• covers and protects most organs and other body structures (i.e. spinal cord, heart)
• binds structures to one another
• provides metabolic needs (blood)

Question 7

muscle tissue

Answer 7

• facilitates movement of body skeleton

- involved in movement within organs

Question 8

nervous tissue

Answer 8

• nerve cells (neurons) provide stimulus that controls body activities
• glial cells support and protect neurons

Question 9

epithelial tissue general characteristics

Answer 9

• consists of cells held closely together by cellular adhesions resting on a basement membrane
• highly cellular
• has very little inter cellular material
• avascular; cells receive nutrients by diffusion from underlying tissue

Question 10

what is the surface of the basement membrane called?

Answer 10

apical side

Question 11

what does avascular mean?

Answer 11

not penetrated by blood vessels

Question 12

what are epithelial tissue also called?

Answer 12

epithelium

Question 13

what are two major types of epithelial cells?

Answer 13

membranous and glandular

Question 14

membranous epithelium function

Answer 14

• protection: covers body surfaces
• lines body cavities
• sensory perception (receptors for pain, temperature, touch)
• absorption and secretion of nutrients
• filtration (i.e. kidney)

Question 15

what is the structural classification of membranous epithelium based on?

Answer 15

• number of cell layers
• shape of cells
• special characteristics

Question 16

what are the types of cell layers in the membranous epithelium?

Answer 16

• simple
• stratified
• pseudostratified

Question 17

simple epithelium cell layer

Answer 17

one cell layer

Question 18

stratified epithelium cell layer

Answer 18

many cell layers

Question 19

pseudostratified epithelium cell layer

Answer 19

• considered a “single” layer of cells since each cell contacts the basement membrane
  
  • -> it gives the appearance of multiple layers since cells are not all the same size and nuclear position varies

Question 20

what are the different shapes of the epithelium?

Answer 20

• squamous
• cuboidal
• columnar

Question 21

squamous epithelium shape

Answer 21

flat-cells

Question 22

cuboidal epithelium shape

Answer 22

cube-shaped

Question 23

columnar epithelium shape

Answer 23

rectangular shaped

Question 24

what are the different special characteristics of the epithelium?

Answer 24

• cilia

- keratin

Question 25

cilia epithelium special characteristic

Answer 25

respiratory tract

Question 26

keratin epithelium special characteristic

Answer 26

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails that helps prevent water loss from the surface of the body; waterproof protein

Question 27

what are the eight different types of epithelium?

Answer 27

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, pseudostratified ciliated columnar, transitional

Question 28

simple squamous appearance

Answer 28

- one thin layer of cells | - used for exchange: diffusion (since it's thin, it's easy to transport things)

Question 29

simple squamous location

Answer 29

- blood vessel | - alveoli of lung

Question 30

simple cuboidal appearance

Answer 30

-one layer of cube/square shaped cells

Question 31

simple cuboidal location

Answer 31

glands

Question 32

simple columnar appearance

Answer 32

- single layer of tall rectangular cells | - ideal for production of substances due to room for many organelles and exchange across cells and absorption I

Question 33

simple columnar location

Answer 33

-located in digestive tract (esophagus; intestines)

Question 34

stratified squamous appearance

Answer 34

- any layer of thin cells - protective ( by having many layers of it) - area of high friction

Question 35

stratified squamous location

Answer 35

- beginning (mouth) & end (anus) of GI tract - -> esophagus - -> vagina - -> skin

Question 36

stratified cuboidal location

Answer 36

- glands | - i.e. sweat, salivary

Question 37

stratified columnar appearance

Answer 37

- many layers of tall cells | - protective

Question 38

stratified columnar location

Answer 38

larynx

Question 39

pseudostratified ciliated columnar location

Answer 39

- respiratory epithelium - -> nasal cavity - -> trachea - -> bronchi

Question 40

transitional appearance

Answer 40

cells appear to change shape as they are stretched

Question 41

transitional location

Answer 41

- bladder - uterus - ureters - -> found in organs that need to dilate/expand (but not the stomach)

Question 42

endocrine glands

Answer 42

- produces hormones - secrete their products through the blood stream (thyroid) - highly vacularized

Question 43

goblet cells

Answer 43

unicellular glands