Anatomy > Blood Vessels I > Flashcards

Blood Vessels I Flashcards

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1
Q

what do blood vessels transport?

A
  • gases
  • nutrients
  • waste products
  • hormones
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2
Q

blood vessels transport which gases?

A
  • oxygen from lungs

- carbon dioxide from cells

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3
Q

blood vessels transport which nutrients?

A
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • amino acids
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4
Q

blood vessels transport waste products to where?

A

-from cells to kidneys and cells for excretion

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5
Q

blood vessels transport waste products to where?

A

-hormones of endocrine system to cells and tissues

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6
Q

blood vessel function

A
  • pulsate
  • constrict
  • dilate
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7
Q

lumen

A

-opening/internal of the blood vessels tubular structure

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8
Q

tunics

A

-multilayered walls of the blood vessel which surround this opening/lumen

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9
Q

tunica externa composition

A
  • superficial layer

- made of CT (specifically elastic fibers: collagen)

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10
Q

tunica externa function

A

-protects vessel

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11
Q

why is the tunica externa of an artery much thicker than that of a vein?

A
  • has higher blood pressure

- leaving aorta at high pressure

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12
Q

tunica media composition

A
  • middle layer

- smooth muscle

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13
Q

tunica media function

A

-to regulate diameter of a blood vessel by vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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14
Q

tunica media vasodilation

A

-relaxes to increase diameter

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15
Q

tunica media vasoconstriction

A

-constricts to decrease diameter

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16
Q

tunica intima composition

A
  • aka endothelium
  • innermost layer in direct contact with blood in lumen of the vessel
  • simple squamous epithelium
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17
Q

tunica intima function

A
  • allows for exchange in capillaries

- produces nitric oxide (important for blood flow control)

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18
Q

blood is propelled in what which closed circuits?

A
  • pulmonary circuit

- systemic circuit

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19
Q

pulmonary circuit

A
  • transports blood from heart to lungs where exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs
  • then returns blood to heart
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20
Q

systemic circuit

A

-transports blood throughout body to all other organs for nutrient, gas, and waste exchange

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21
Q

only which blood vessel has tunica intima?

A

-capillaries

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22
Q

types of blood vessels

A
  • arteries
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
  • venules
  • veins
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23
Q

which blood vessels have all three tunics?

A
  • arteries

- arterioles

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24
Q

arteries location

A

-elastic fibers are present along wtih smooth muscle in their tunica media

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25
arteries function (at highest velocity and pressure)
- fibers allow them to expand and recoil - carry blood away from heart - channel blood to tissues
26
arterioles function
-regulates amount of blood flow to tissues bases on tissue's energy needed
27
arteriole precapillary sphincter composition
found in: - smooth muscle - arteriole and capillary bed
28
how is the diameter of arterioles regulated?
- from local factors (nitric oxide,O2/CO2 levels) | - sympathetic nervous system
29
how do local factors regulate the diameter of arterioles?
-levels in tissues signal smooth muscles to contract/relax, thus regulating how much blood enters capillary bed
30
how does the sympathetic nervous system regulate the diameter of arterioles?
- increase in sympathetic activity causes widespread vasoconstriction of tunica media in most arterioles - dilates blood vessels of heart and skeletal muscle
31
capillaries function (at lowest velocity and pressure)
-controls velocity and pressure of blood flow
32
capillaries function (at highest velocity and pressure)
-controls cross-sectional area
33
capillaries composition
- tunica intima only** | - simple squamous epithelium (very thin)
34
why are capillaries the only vessels that permit exchange of water, gases, nutrients, waste products, and hormones between blood and interstitial fluids?
-one cell layer and low velocity/pressure/area, they're adapted to allow increased perfusion and diffusion of material across cell membrane
35
venules composition
- B tunics (very thin) | - less smooth muscle than arterioles
36
venules function
-collect blood from capillaries and transport it to veins
37
veins composition
- large lumen and thing walls | - fewer elastic and muscle fibers than arteries
38
which blood vessels contain valves that prevent backflow?
-veins of the lower limbs
39
why are veins known as "compliant"?
-easily stretch/expand so their diameter can increase and hold more blood (aka blood reservoirs)
40
venoconstriction
- constriction of smooth muscle occurs w/ an increase in sympathetic innervation - leads to the redistributes available blood to needed sites
41
aortic arch
- "curves like a cane" - curving across the superior surface of the heart - connects the ascending with the descending aorta
42
which arteries arise from the aortic arch?
- brachiocephalic trunk - left common carotid artery - left subclavian
43
brachiocephalic trunk
- located on the right | - gives off the right common carotid and the right subclavian
44
left common carotid artery
- travels superiorly along lateral neck | - divides into internal and external carotids
45
left subclavian
- supplies shoulder area | - becomes the axillary
46
left or right subclavian
- passes under the clavicle | - supplies shoulder anc becomes the axillary artery
47
axillary
-supplies the muscles of the pectoral region and axilla and becomes the brachial artery
48
brachial
- supplies arm | - divides to become radial(lateral) and ulnar(medial) arteries
49
radial and ulnar arteries
-supplies the forearm
50
palmar arches
- arise from radial and ullnar | - gives off the digital arteries of thumb and fingers
51
common carotid arteries
- locaetd by pressing gently on either side of trachea | - divides at level of larynx into external and internal carotid arteries
52
internal carotid artery
-supplies the brain
53
external carotid artery
-supplies head and face
54
vertebral arteries
- arise form subclavians | - travel through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebra to supply brain
55
abdominal aorta
- begins immediately inferior to diaphragm | - descends to left of vertebral column but posterior to peritoneal cavity
56
what are the branches of the abdominal aorta?
- celiac trunk - superior mesenteric - renal - gonadal - inferior mesenteric
57
celiac trunk gives off what arteries?
- gastric artery (supplies stomach) - splenic artery (supplies spleen) - hepatic artery (supplies liver)
58
superior mesenteric
-supplies small intestine
59
renal
-supplies kidneys
60
gonadal
-supplies gonads (ovary and testes)
61
inferior mesenteric
-supplies large intestine/colon and rectum
62
the inferior most portion of the aorta divides in the pelvis to form what?
-common iliac artries
63
the common iliac arteries divide into what?
- internal iliac | - external iliac
64
internal iliac
-enters the pelvic cavity to supply urinary bladder, walls of pelvis, and external genetalia
65
external iliac
-passes out of pelvis to become femoral artery
66
femoral artery supplies the thigh
-becomes popliteal artery
67
popliteal artery
-crosses the popliteal fossa (posterior knee) before branching to form anterior and posterior tibial arteries
68
anterior tibial
- supplies the anterior portion of leg and foot | - when it reaches ankle it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery
69
posterior tibial
- supplies posterior leg - as it reaches ankle it divides to form medial and lateral arteries - ->which supply the plantar surface of foot and connect to for dorsal and plantar arches
70
dorsalis pedis
- branch of anterior tibial - located on dorsal surface of foot - pulse taken here to check circulation of lower body
71
dorsal and plantar arches
-small arteries branching off these arches supply distal portion of foot and toe (digitals)
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