Anatomy > Skeletal Systems III: Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Skeletal Systems III: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

appendicular muscles general components

A

bones of the shoulder, hip, and the limbs that attach to each

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2
Q

the appendicular muscles is split up into what two sections?

A

upper and lower extremities

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3
Q

upper extremity components

A

pectoral girdle, humerus, forearm, carpal bones, and the hand

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4
Q

pectoral girdle components

A

scapula and clavicle

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5
Q

what is the pectoral girdle also called?

A

the shoulder

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6
Q

pectoral girdle function

A
  • anchors the upper limb to axial body
  • allows movement of the shoulder
  • site of glenohumeral joint**
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7
Q

scapula location

A
  • flat, triangular bone
  • located in the upper back
  • connects to the clavicle
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8
Q

scapula function

A
  • serves as anchoring point for the upper limb
  • site for attachment of humerus
  • provides surface for movement for the humerus
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9
Q

what is the scapula also called?

A

shoulder blade

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10
Q

scapula components

A

body, glenoid fossa, spine, acromion process, coracoid process

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11
Q

scapula body location

A

shoulder blade

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12
Q

scapula glenoid fossa location

A
  • a shallow, pyriform articular surface

- located on the lateral angle of the scapula

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13
Q

scapula glenoid fossa function

A
  • humerus articulates here

- anchoring point of limb

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14
Q

scapula spine location

A
  • extends across the dorsal surface of scapula

- runs through the anterior

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15
Q

scapula spine function

A

-origin to part of the supraspinatus fossa and infraspinatus fossa

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16
Q

scapula acromion process location

A

-the high-point located at the lateral end of the spine

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17
Q

scapula acromion process function

A
  • attachment site for portion of the deltoideus muscle(arm abductor)
  • attachment site for upper fibers in trapezius muscle
  • has a small articular facet for the distal end of clavicle to attach(clavicular facet)
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18
Q

what do the fibers in the trapezius muscle that attach to the acromion process do?

A

act as scapular rotators

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19
Q

scapula coracoid process location

A
  • looks like a crow
  • hook-like structure
  • lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula
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20
Q

scapula coracoid process function

A

-attachment for ligaments and muscles

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21
Q

clavicle location

A
  • large doubly curved bone

- located directly above first rib

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22
Q

clavicle function

A
  • helps support upper limb at the shoulder
  • serves as an attachment to the axial skeleton
  • articulates with the acromion process laterally and the manubrium medially
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23
Q

what is the clavicle also known as?

A

the collar bone

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24
Q

humerus location

A
  • long bone in upper arm

- located between the elbow joint and the shoulder

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25
humerus components
head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, lateral and medial epicondyles, condyle, olecranon fossa, greater tubercle
26
humerus head location
- proximal end of humerus | - posterior side
27
humerus head function
- allows for great range of motion | - articulate with the glenoid fossa and scapula
28
humerus anatomical neck location
-ridge around the the outer limit of the head
29
humerus surgical neck location
- region inferior to tubercles - top of humerus where the bone narrows - common fracture site**
30
humerus shaft location
-long middle portion of humerus
31
humerus lateral and medial epicondyles location
- distal of bone | - just above condyles
32
humerus lateral and medial epicondyles function
- site for attachment of tendons of the muscles of forearm | - stabilizes elbow
33
humerus condyle location
-distal end of humerus
34
humerus condyle components
- capitulum | - trochlea
35
humerus condyle capitulum location
- smooth, round | - lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus
36
humerus condyle capitulum function
-site of articulation for the head of radius
37
humerus condyle trochlea location
-medial portion of the articular surface of the elbow joint
38
humerus condyle trochlea function
-site of articulation for the ulna
39
humerus olecranon fossa location
- deep, triangular depression - posterior side - superior to trochlea
40
humerus olecranon fossa function
-where the olecranon process sits
41
humerus greater tubercle location
- lateral to the head | - proximal end
42
humerus greater tubercle function
-site of attachment of rotator cuff muscles
43
forearm components
ulna and radius
44
ulna location
- lines up with pinkie | - opposite side of the forearm
45
ulna function
- joins with larger end of humerus to make the elbow joint | - susceptible to fractures
46
ulna olecranon process location
- located on posterior proximal end | - sharp part of elbow
47
ulna olecranon process function
-articulates with the humerus by inserting in its olecranon fossa
48
ulna head location
- distal | - right before wrist flexes and extends
49
ulna styloid process location
- distal end of forearm - projects from the medial and posterior part of bone - descends a little lower than the head
50
ulna styloid process function
-attachment site for ligaments (ligament attaches)
51
radius location
- medial bone of the forearm | - lines up with thumb
52
radius components
- head | - styloid process
53
radial head location
- cylindrical - just below elbow - top of bone
54
radial head function
- allows axial rotation of the radius | - articulates with humerus
55
radial styloid process location
- located on distal end | - forms bulk of wrist joint
56
radial styloid process function
- helps stabilize the wrist - articulates with the scaphoid - -> frequent site for fracture when one falls on their outstretched hand
57
what happens to the radius and ulna when you supinate and pronate the forearm?
-the radius rotates around the ulna
58
what are the carpal bones also known as?
the wrist
59
carpal bones location
-eight small bones arranged in two rows of four
60
carpal bones distal row
- trapezium* - trapezoid - capitate - hamate
61
carpal bones proximal row
- scaphoid* - lunate* - triquetrum - pisiform
62
important characteristics of scaphoid and lunate
- form the distal aspect of the wrist | - makes up most of wrist
63
important characteristics of trapezium
- the site of articulation for the pollex | - ->allows it to circumduct and abduct
64
what is the anatomical name for the thumb?
-pollex
65
hand components
metacarpals and phalanges
66
metacarpals composition
- long bones in palm - five of them - numbered using roman numerals - II-IV have three while I and V have two - ranges from proximal, intermediate, and distal
67
phalanges composition
- bones of digits - fourteen of them - II-IV have three while I and V have two - each phalanx has a proximal, middle, and distal end
68
what is the anatomical name for fingers?
- digits | - each phalanx has a proximal, middle, and distal end
69
characteristics of the hand
- bones are numbered 1-5 | - numbered starting from the thumb to the pinky
70
lower extremities components
- pelvic girdle - thigh - knee - leg - ankle
71
pelvic girdle components
-hip bones
72
as a human is still developing, what bones of the os coxae are separated?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
73
what is the anatomical name for hip bones?
os coxae
74
how are the hip bones united?
- united anteriorly | - united with the sacrum posteriorly
75
regions of the os coxae
- ilium - ischium - pubis(pubic bone)
76
os coxae ilium location
- anterior | - lateral to the sacrum at the base of the spinal cord
77
os coxae ilium function
-forms superior region of os coxae
78
os coxae ischium location
- inferoposterior portion of hip bone - arc-shaped - thicker superior body adjoining the ilium - has thinner inferior ramus
79
os coxae pubis location
- anterior portion of hip bone - flattened, irregular shaped, bone - articulates with the symphysis pubis
80
major landmarks of os coxae
- iliac crest - anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) - symphysis pubis - acetabulum - ischial tuberosity - obturator foramen - greater sciatic notch
81
os coxae iliac crest location
-superior margin of the ilium
82
os coxae anterior superior iliac spine location
-anterior side of the ilium
83
os coxae anterior superior iliac spine function
- site of muscle attachment | - used to locate the level of the ovaries
84
os coxae symphysis pubis location
- anterior part of full pelvis - between left and right pubic bones - near the midline of the body
85
os coxae symphysis pubis function
- absorb shock when walking - formed when two hip bones are attached in front - allows delivery of a baby
86
os coxae acetabulum location
- cup shaped depression - lateral side of os coxae - glenoid fossa of the hips
87
os coxae acetabulum function
-head of femur articulates here
88
os coxae ischial tuberosity location
- ridge of bone | - inferoposterior aspect of the ischial bone
89
os coxae ischial tuberosity function
-site of muscle and ligament attachment
90
os coxae obturator foramen location
- large, circular opening | - lateral side of os coxae
91
os coxae obturator foramen function
- covered by a membrane for muscle attachment | - passage for nerves and blood vessels
92
os coxae greater sciatic notch location
- large indentation | - inferior to the posterior iliac spine
93
os coxae greater sciatic notch function
-passage for sciatic nerve
94
what degree is the pubic angle in females and males and why?
males <90 and >90 in females for child birth
95
what is the anatomical name for the thigh?
the femur
96
femur components
- head - surgical neck - shaft - greater trochanter - medial and lateral epicondyles - medial and lateral epicondyles
97
femoral head location
- rounded region - proximal end of femur - socket on hip bone
98
femoral head function
-articulates with the acetabulum of the os coxa
99
femoral surgical neck location
- angled superomedially from the trochanter - inferior to the head of the femur - most narrow part of the femur - frequent site of fractures
100
femoral shaft location
-long, straight part of femur
101
femoral greater trochanter location
- large superolateral projection on the proximal end | - just inferior to the neck
102
femoral greater trochanter function
-site of attachment for tendons of muscles
103
femoral medial and lateral epicondyle location
-superior to the condyles
104
femoral medial and lateral epicondyle function
-site of muscle attachment
105
femoral medial and lateral condyles location
-distal end of femur
106
femoral medial and lateral condyles function
-articulates directly with tibia
107
what is the anatomical name for the knee?
patella
108
patella location
- knee cap - small, triangular bone - develops with tendon
109
patella function
-contributes to the efficiency of movement of the leg
110
the leg components
- tibia | - fibula
111
tibia components
- medial/lateral facets | - medial malleolus
112
fibula components
- head | - lateral malleolus
113
tibia location
-long bone
114
tibia function
-articulates at the knee and the talus at the ankle
115
tibia medial and lateral facets location
- broad concave structure | - located medially/laterally at the proximal end
116
tibia medial and lateral facets function
-articulates with medial/lateral condyle
117
tibia medial malleolus location
- medial downward projection | - distal end of tibia
118
tibia medial malleolus function
-forms the medial bulge of the ankle
119
fibula location
- slender bone - slightly expanded ends - runs parallel to the tibia along the lower leg
120
fibula function
-articulates with the talus of the ankle at its distal end
121
fibula head location
-upper extended proximal end
122
fibula head function
-articulates with the fibular articular surface of tibia
123
fibula lateral malleolus location
- spade shaped - distal expanded end - extends 3/4 inches below the ankle joint
124
fibula lateral malleolus function
- articulates with the fibular notch of the tibia | - -> forms the distal tibiofibular joint
125
what is the anatomical name for ankles?
tarsals
126
components of tarsals
- talus | - calcaneus
127
tarsals location
- seven short/irregular bones | - closely united by ligaments
128
tarsals function
-supports the weight of the body
129
tarsals talus location
-between calcaneus and the fibula and tibia
130
tarsals talus function
- articulates with the tibia and fibula | - forms the whole ankle joint
131
tarsals calcaneus location
- back of foot (heel bone) - just below talus, tibia, and fibula bones - largest of all bones
132
tarsals calcaneus function
-act as a lever for your calf muscles
133
what is the anatomical name for the foot?
metatarsals and phalanges
134
what is the anatomical name for big toe?
hallux
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