Contitions Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

What is Marfan syndrome?

A

Affects connective tissues; characterized by long limbs, heart, and eye issues.

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2
Q

What is familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

Inherited condition leading to increased cholesterol levels, which can result in heart disease or heart attack.

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3
Q

What is Huntington’s disease?

A

A genetic brain disorder causing progressive movement problems, mood changes, and memory loss.

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4
Q

What is neurofibromatosis?

A

Condition where tumors grow on nerves, skin, and brain; can cause bone issues.

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5
Q

What is familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

Inherited condition where polyps grow in the colon and rectum; can lead to colon cancer.

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6
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

A genetic disorder characterized by thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system.

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7
Q

What is G6PD deficiency?

A

Condition involving the breakdown of red blood cells.

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8
Q

What is Tay-Sachs disease?

A

A genetic disorder that is fatal, affecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive weakness and early death in babies.

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9
Q

What is Wilson’s disease?

A

Condition where the body cannot rid itself of copper, resulting in copper rings on the eyes.

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10
Q

What is Klinefelter’s syndrome?

A

Condition in males with an extra or incomplete X chromosome; characterized by short stature, infertility, and heart/neck abnormalities.

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11
Q

What is Turner’s syndrome?

A

Condition in females with an extra or incomplete X chromosome; characterized by short stature, infertility, and heart/neck abnormalities.

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12
Q

What is Down syndrome?

A

Condition caused by an extra chromosome 21.

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13
Q

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

A

Condition characterized by constant hunger, poor muscle tone, obesity, and developmental delays; caused by a missing gene on the father’s chromosome 15.

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14
Q

What is Angelman syndrome?

A

Condition causing intellectual disability, speech problems, movement issues, and frequent laughter; caused by missing genes on the mother’s chromosome 15.

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15
Q

What is hyponatremia?

A

Condition of low sodium levels leading to excess water, causing cell swelling, confusion, and seizures.

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16
Q

What is hypernatremia?

A

Condition of high sodium levels leading to dehydration, causing cell shrinkage and thirst.

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17
Q

What is hypokalemia?

A

Condition of low potassium levels leading to vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, and arrhythmias.

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18
Q

What is hyperkalemia?

A

Condition of high potassium levels leading to renal failure, muscle cramps, and cardiac arrest.

19
Q

What is hypocalcemia?

A

Condition of low calcium levels associated with hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency, leading to tetany and seizures.

20
Q

What is hypercalcemia?

A

Condition of high calcium levels associated with hyperparathyroidism, leading to kidney stones, bone pain, and confusion.

21
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

Condition of low blood/fluid volume.

22
Q

What is hypervolemia?

A

Condition of high blood/fluid volume.

23
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

Condition characterized by decreased CO2 and increased pH, often caused by hyperventilation or anxiety; symptoms include fast breathing and dizziness/tingling.

24
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

Condition characterized by decreased HCO3- and decreased pH, often caused by acid buildup or loss of base; symptoms include Kussmaul breathing.

25
What is metabolic alkalosis?
Condition characterized by increased HCO3- and increased pH, often caused by base buildup or loss of acid; symptoms include hypoventilation and muscle cramps/weakness.
26
What is respiratory acidosis?
Condition commonly seen in COPD patients; characterized by increased CO2 and decreased pH, often caused by hypoventilation; symptoms include slow, shallow breathing and confusion/drowsiness.
27
What is primary wound healing?
Wound healing with no tissue loss.
28
What is secondary wound healing?
Wound healing involving tissue loss.
29
What is tertiary wound healing?
Wound healing involving tissue loss and bacterial contamination.
30
H1 blockers
turn off allergy alarm
31
H2 blockers
turns down the stomach acid
32
arachidonic acid
type of fat in cell membranes
33
arachidonic acid is the main precursor for what
prostaglandins leukotrienes (pro-inflammatory)
34
what happens when arachidonic acid arrives to site
COX enzymes turn arachidonic acid into prostaglandins then prostaglandins have blood rush in and that is the red, warm, swelling pain = inflammation
35
vascular stage
1. PAMP is seen by TLR on macrophage alarm goes off 2. release of cytokine 3. endothelial cells vasodilate and allow wbc, plasma, and protein causes redness, edema, increased blood flow, increased permability, vasodilation
36
NSAID black block warning
increase in thrombic events, MI, stroke, those with CV disease may be at greater risk for worsening of the disease
37
how do you treat a fever
treat the etiology first, then treat the fever
38
what med classifications can be used for inflammation
NSAIDs, aspirin, corticosteroids
39
what does gabapentin treat
neuropathic pain and cancer pain
40
how does gabapentin work
reduces the speed of nerve transduction
41
gabapentin + diabetes
diabeties neuralgia, peripheral nerve pain
42
GABA
receptor that sends pain signals
43
nursing action if patient is taking gabapentin
FALL RISK!! monitor pain
44
protein binding
some medications bind to proteins in the blood (like albumin), and when two drugs compete for the same binding sites, one can be displaced and in the bloodstream, leading to higher free drug levels and stronger or toxic effects