What are the primary functions of the skin, and how do they support overall health?
To cover the body, regulate temp, produce vitamin D, it shields the body from illnesses and diseases
Epidermis layer: structure and function?
- Has keratinocytes which protect and melanocytes which give color and protects aganist UV light
Dermis layer: structure and function?
Supports the epidermis and is the primary source of nutrition. Main component is collagen but also has fibroblasts and elastin
Subcutaneous layer: structure and function?
Fat and connective tissues that support vascular and neural structures of the outer layers of skin. Hair follicles and apocrine glands extend to here
What roles do eccrine and apocrine sweat glands play in regulating body functions?
Eccrine: Produce sweat that is intended to regulate temp
Apacrine: In groin and axilla, secrete an oily substance that leads to body odor
How does the skin act as a barrier to infection, and what features contribute to this function?
It acts as a barrier because it is a full body covering, it is also dry, salty, has no energy sources for microbes and always sloughing off so it is not a good living place for microbes
What factors might cause normally harmless skin flora like Staphylococcus aureus to cause infections?
if it accumulates on the skin and becomes too much
What subjective and objective methods are used to assess skin health?
Subjective:
- Initial appearance of lesions, system associated with eruptions, history of allergies, medication use, exposure to insects, irritants, lights, any systemic symptom, photosensitivity
Objective:
- Look for patterns from 4-6 feet away, palpate abnormalities with a gloved hand, measure and mark leasions, use a woods lamp
How can a Wood’s lamp aid in diagnosing certain skin conditions?
It uses long wave UV light to detect the fluorescence in skin and hair which is a feature of some dermatomes
How would you describe a macule, papule, plaque, and pustule?
*Macule: defined, flat area of altered pigmentation
*Papule: raised, well defined lesion, usually smaller then 0.5cm
*Plaque: raised, flat topped lesion, usually larger then 2cm
*Pustule: papule filled with pus
Bulla
large blister (over 0.5cm diameter)
Crust
dried yellow-brown exudate on the skin
Erthema
reddened skin, area blanches with pressure
Excoriation
scratch that breaks teh skins surface
fissure
crack in the skin that breaks though keratin (skin crack)
induration
hardening or thickening of the skin
Keloid
irregular, elevated scar tissue formed by excessive collagen growth during wound healing
Lichenification
hardening of thickening of the skin with markings; develops from repeated trauma such as scratching
Wheals
transient pink, itchy, elevated papules, that evolve into irregular red maculopapular patches
What are the differences between primary and secondary skin lesions?
Primary: Those that originate in the skin
Secondary: Disorder that shows itself in the skin, is actually the result of another issue like jaundice
What is albinism
No pigment in the hair, skin or nails, they are very sensitive to light and UV rays, no melanin so they end up with burns
What is vitiligo
Abnormalities in the production of melanin, appears as depigmented patches
- Starts small and gets bigger
What is melasma
- Appearance of dark macules on the face, common during pregnancy and with oral contraceptives
What is lentigos?
- large pigmented spots
- Age spots, on the sun damaged areas of the skin
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