What is Sickle Cell Anemia?
S&S?
An abnormal beta polypeptide chain, leads to hemoglobin molecule that has two normal alpha chains, one normal beta chain and an S chain
- Fatigue, exercise intolerance, pain in entire body, splenic ischemia, severe infections, jaundice, tachycardia, severe infections, growth retardation, osteomyelitis
What is the treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia
Antibiotics, pain medication
What is Iron Deficiency Anemia?
S&S?
Iron is not available as a building block for RBCs so they are smaller and can carry less O2
- Fatigue, exercise intolerance, pallor of the conjunctive, nail beds and palms, brittle nails, glossitis
What is the treatment for Iron deficiency Anemia
iron supplements (give with vit C)
What is Megaloblastic Anemia?
S&S?
Disruption in DNA synthesis caused by Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency causes the maturation process of the RBC to be impaired
fatigue, exercise intol, symmetric paresthesias of feet, loss of vibratory
What is the treatment of Megaloblastic Anemia
Supplements
What is Aplastic Anemia?
S&S?
Failure of bone marrow to create any blood cells of any type
- low blood counts, anemia symptoms, infections, SOB, angina, fatigue
What is the treatment Aplastic anemia
transfusions, then a bone marrow transplant
What is Anemia of Chronic Disease?
S&S?
- kidneys fail to produce erythropoietin, RBCs are not getting produced
- low rbc count, fatigue
What is the treatment for Anemia of Chronic disease
give erythropoietin
What is hemophilia?
S&S?
- Caused by deficiency in clotting factors which leads to impaired clotting
- joint bleeding, myo hemorrhage, prolonged bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, joint swelling, bruises, prolonged bleeding from cuts
What is the treatment for hemophilia
replacement therapy with clotting factors
What is von Willebrand Disease?
S&S?
caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von willebrand factor (which helps platelets stick to blood vessel wall)
- mucosal bleeding, prolonged bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, frequent nose bleeds, easy bruising
What is the treatment for von Willebrand Disease
desmopressin, vWF concentrates, antifibrinolytic agents
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Widespread activation of clotting pathways leading to the formation of blood clots throughout the body and subsequent bleeding due to the consumption of clotting factors
- multi organ failure, severe bleeding, thromboembolic events, petchiae, purpura, bleeding at IV sites
What is the treatment for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
fresh frozen plasma, platelets, heparin
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