What are anticoagulants
- Heparin
- Acclerates antithrombin III, which is a protein that inactivates thrombin and factor Xa
What is the Black box warning for heparin
Epidural or spinal hematomas may occur when heparin is used in patients getting spinal anesthesia or lumbar puncture
What are the side effects of heprin
Risk for bleeding, risk for Heprin induced thrombocytopenia
What is Vitamin K antagonist
- Warfarin
- Stops the action of Vitamin K which depletes the body of clotting factors
What are the side effects of Warfarin
risk for bleeding, purpuric rash, purple toes
What are direct thrombin inhibitors
- Dabigatran
- Reversibly binds to the active site of thrombin, stopping the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
What are the side effects of dabigatran
risk for bleeding
What are factor Xa inhibitors
- Apixaban
- Stops the clotting cascade because prothrombin does not get converted to thrombin
What is the black box warning for apixaban
don’t discontinue quickly unless giving another anticoagulant
What are the side effects of apixaban
risk for bleeding
What are ADP receptor blockers
- clopidogrel
- Blocks ADP, protein given off by aggregated platelets that recruit additional platelets and promotes aggregation
What is the BBW for clopidogrel
a prodrug, metabolized by CYP450 2C19. Poor metabolizers may not have a good effect
What are the side effects of clopidogrel
risk for bleeding
What are thromblytics
Alteplase
- Idential to human tPA, which binds to fibrin present in a clot then binds to plasminogen and converts it to plasmin
What are the side effects of thrombolytics
serious bleeding
What are hematopoietic growth factors
- EPO, epoetin alfa
- Biological effects as human EPO causes bone marrow to produce more erythrocytes
What are the side effects of Hematopoietic growth factors
not for ppl with uncontrolled HTN, unknown etiology of increased tumor growth in cancer patients
What is the BBW for Hematopoietic growth factors
risk of serious cardiovascular and thromboembolic events is increased with epoetin alfa therapy
What are medications for anemia
- Ferrous sulfate
- Replaces missing iron, for hemoglobin
What are the side effects of ferrous sulfate
hemolytic anemia, adverse drug reactions, GI upset, Black tarry stools, constipation
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