What is Hyperlipidemia?
S&S?
- Problems that can increase levels of LDL and triglycerides in the blood which can contribute to atherosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis, CAD, may have cholesterol deposits in skin or eyelids
What is the treatment for hyperlipidemia
Statins, bile acid sequentrants, fibrates, PCSK-9 inhibitors and more diet/exercise
What is Hypertension?
S&S?
- Increased constriction of the vessel walls or increase in blood volume will increase BP
- Cardiomyopathy, renal failure, chest pain, dyspnea, headache, dizzy, vision change
What is the treatment for hypertension
ACEi, ARBs, Beta blockers, CCBs, diuretics, NA reduction
What is Atherosclerosis?
S&S?
- Increased LDL causing build up of plaques in the inner walls of the arteries to harden
- CAD, MI, Heart failure, sudden death, angina
What is the treatment for atherosclerosis
Reduce the cholesterol and hypertension
What is Peripheral Artery Disease?
S&S?
- Not enough blood circulating to the legs and feet, from peripheral atherosclerosis
- Pain, ulcers, aching, cramping
What is the treatment for Peripheral Artery disease
As for atherosclerosis plus anti-platelet agents
What is an Aneurysm?
S&S?
- Abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel, due to weakening of the vessel wall
- Rupture, shock, death, pain, hemorhage
What is the treatment for an aneurysm
Antihypertensives or surgical repair
What is Aortic Dissection?
S&S?
A tear in the inner layer of the aorta, causing blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta, leading to separation and rupture
- Stroke, death, severe chest/back pain, hypertension, pulse deficits
What is the treatment for an Aortic Dissection?
Beta blockers, antihypertensives, emergency surgery
What is Stable Angina?
S&S?
- Occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get as much blood as it needs due to narrowed coronary arteries
- Progression to unstable angina, MI, chest pain or discomfort
What is the treatment for Stable Angina
Nitrates, beta-blockers, CCBs, anti-platelet agents, statins
What is Unstable Angina?
S&S?
- Condition where the heart doesn’t get enough blood flow and O2, potentially due to ruptured plaques and blood clots, chest pain that is unpredictable
- MI, arrhythmias, death, heart failure, chest pain at rest, new onset or worsening angina not relieved by nitroglycerin
What is the treatment for Unstable Angina
Nirates, BBs, anti-platelet agents, anticoagulants, possible PCI
What is an NSTEMI?
S&S?
- Type of heart attack where a coronary artery is partially blocked, causing a decrease in O2 rich blood to heart myo
- heart failure, MI, death, chest pain, SOB, sweating, nausea
What is the treatment for an NSTEMI
Antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, BBs, statins, PCI or CABG
What is a STEMI?
S&S?
Severe heart attack caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery leading to significant damage to the heart myo
- Severe CP, SOB, sweating, nausea, ST elevation, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias, death
What is the treatment for a STEMI
Thrombolytics, anti-platelet agents, anticoagulants, BBs, statins, emergency PCI or CABG
What is Endocarditis?
S&S?
- inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, usually caused by bacteria
- heart failure, stroke, emboli, valve, fever, heart murmur, Osler nodes
What is the treatment for Endocarditis
IV antibiotics, possible surgical valve repair or replacement
What is Myocarditis?
S&S?
- Inflammation of heart muscle, often caused by viral infection, leading to impaired heart function
- heart failure, arrythmias, cardiogenic shock, sudden death, chest pain, fatigue, SOB, palpitations
What is the treatment for Myocarditis
Anti-inflmmatory agents, immunosuppressive therapy, supportive care for heart failure
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Module 10-Renal70
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Module 11- GI91
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