What is the function of red blood cells, and how is their production regulated?
Main Job is to deliver O2 to the body’s tissues
Regulated bc they have a lifespan of 120 days and are constantly destroyed
What do RBCs do as they grow
they kick out organelles as they mature to optimize O2 carrying space
What does it mean if reticulocytes are over 1% of the peripheral blood
RBCs are not mature as reticulocytes stay in bone marrow till they are matured, they cannot carry as much O2
What do you need to make a healthy RBC
Erythropoietin, protein, iron, vit B12, folic acid
What is erythropoietin
Made by the kidneys in response to hypoxia, stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow
Do RBCs get bigger or smaller when they mature
smaller!
What makes up hemoglobin
heme and globin
What makes up heme
iron and porphyrin
What is the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Tells when O2 has a higher/lower affinity for heme
When does O2 have a high affinity for RBCs
- Hgher pH (basic)
- Lower temp
When does O2 have a lower affinity for RBCs
Lower pH (acidic)
Higher temp
What is a RBC count
a count of the actual number of RBCs in a persons sample of blood
What is a hemoglobin measurement
measured the total amount of oxygen carrying protein in the blood, reflects the number of RBCs in the blood
What is a hematocrit measurement
measured the percentage of a persons total blood volume that consists of RBCs
What is an MVC measurement
Mean corpuscular volume
measurement of the average size of a single RBC
what does a low MCV mean
RBCs are smaller than normal and caused by iron deficiency
what does a high MCV mean
RBCs are larger than normal, caused by hyperthyroidism
what is polycythemia
over proliferation of blood cells in the bone marrow
What is iron deficiency anemia
Microcytic anemia
decreased iron from decreased ingestion, bleeding or increased demands
Results in smaller RBCs with less O2 carrying ability
What is megaloblastic anemia
Due to B12 and folic acid deficiencies
Creates fragile cells that don’t hold O2 well
What is relative polycythemia
hematocrit rises because of loss of plasma volume without corresponding decrease in RBCs
What is absolute polycythemia
rise in hematocrit due to an increase in total red blood cell mass
What are the causes and symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Cause:
- Widespread activation of coagulation throughout the body
- Formation of small blood clots throughout the body
- Bodies ability to regulate bleeding and clotting is disrupted
What are the roles of hemoglobin and hematocrit in evaluating hematologic health?
Oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
Presence and severity of anemia or polycythemia
Overall hematologic and hydration status
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