What are calcium channel blockers (Dip/Bensoth)
- Diltiazem
- Relaxes vascular smooth muscle and slows heart rate
what are the side effects of calcium channel blockers (Dip/Bensoth)
dizzy, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia
what are beta blockers
- metoprolol
- Blocks sympathetic nervous system by blocking effects of epinephrine and norepi, which slows heart rate and BP
what are the side effects of a beta blocker
bradycardia, fatigue, heart failure
What are Alpha Blockers
- Dozazosin
- Blocks alpha receptors in vascular smooth muscle, causes dilation of arterolies, decreasing BP and after load
what are the side effects of alpha blockers
Orthostatic hypotension, dizzy
What are direct vasodilators
Hydralazine
- directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle
what are direct vasodilator side effects
headache, hypotension, reflux tachycardia
What are cardiac glycosides
- digoxin
- Inhibits Na/K pump, heart beats more slowly but more effectively–> increases CO
What are the side effects of cardiac glycosides
very marrow therapeutic range, reaction results from CNS stimulation of chemoreceptor areas, anorexia, N/V/D, green yellow halo around lights
what are Nitrates
-Nitroglycerin
- Converts nitric oxide causing vasodilation, decreasing preload and afterload
what are the side effects of Nitrates
headache, hypotension, tolerance
What are HMG-CaA Reductase Inhibitors (statins)
- Atorvastatin
- Inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increases hepatic LDL receptors to clear more LDL from blood
what are the side effects HMG-CaA Reductase Inhibitors (statins)
headache, muscle pain, rhabdomyolysis
What are bile acid sequestrants
- Cholestyramine
- Binds bile acids in the gut to prevent reabsorption. Liver responds to the loss of cholesterol by making more LDL receptors, removes more cholesterol from the blood
What are the side effects of bile acid sequestrants
Constipation, bloating, nutritional deficiencies
What is Niacin
- Niacin
- Inhibits VLDL synthesis and lipolysis; raises HDL and Lowers LDL modestly
What are the side effects of Niacin
lots of flushing and hot flashes, nausea, hepatotoxicity
What are fibric acid medications
- Gemfibrozil
- Activates lipoprotein ipase to break down triglyceride-rich particles
What are side effects of fibric acid medications
GI upset, gallstones, liver enzyme elevations
What are cholesterol absorption inhibitor
- Ezetimibe
- Blocks cholesterol absorption in the small intestine
what are the side effects of cholesterol absorption inhibitor
myalgia, diarrhea, URI symptoms
What are PCSK-9 inhibitors
- Evolocumab
- Increases LDL receptor recycling, enhancing LDL clearance from blood
What are the side effects of PCSK-9 inhibitors
Injection site reaction, muscle pain, flu like symptoms
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