What is Asthma?
Signs and Symptoms?
- Chronic inflammation and hyperresonsiveness of the airways, leads to Bronchoconstriction and limited airflow
- S&S: Wheezing, tightness, coughing, Resp failure, Status asthmaticus
What are the treatments for Asthma
Beta-2 agonists (albuterol), inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors and O2 therapy
What is Chronic Bronchitis
S&S?
- Chronic inflammation of bronchi leading to increased mucus production and airways obstruction
- S&S: Frequent resp infections, chronic productive cough, cyanosis, wheezing, cor pulmonale
What is the treatment for chronic bronchitis
Bronchodilators, anticholinergics, inhaled corticosteroids, mucolytics, O2 as needed
What is emphysema
S&S?
- Destruction of alveolar walls leading to reduced surface area for gas exchange
- S&S: Barrel chest, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, pneumothorax, resp failure cor pulmonale
What is the treatment for enphysema
Bronchodilators, anticholinergics, inhaled corticosteroids, O2 as needed
What is Bronchiectasis
S&S?
- Permanent dilation and thickening of bronchi due to chronic infection and inflammation
- S&S: Recurrent infections, hemoptysis, resp failure, chronic cough, crackles, wheezing, sputum
What is the treatment for Bronchiectasis
Antibiotics, bronchodilators, mucolytics, O2
What is Pneumothorax
S&S?
Air accumulation in the pleural space, causing a lung collapse
S&S: tension pneumothorax, resp failure, sudden chest pain, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds
What is the treatment for Pneumothorax
Chest tube, pain management, surgery, observation and O2 therapy if small and uncomplicated pneumothorax
What is Pleural effusion
S&S?
- Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, compressing he lung and impairing breathing
- S&S: emphysema, pneumothorax, resp failure, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, pleuritic chest pain
What is the treatment for Pleural Effusion?
Thoaracentesis, diuretics, antibiotics if infection, O2 threapy, Plurodesis (if recurrent)
What is a pulmonary embolism
S&S?
- Blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot leading to impaired gas exchange and increased pulmonary vascular resistance
- S&S: Pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, death, chest pain, sudden dyspnea, tachypnea/cardia
What is the treatment for Pulmonary Embolism
anticoagulants (heprin and warfarin), thrombolytics, surgery, O2, elevate HOB
What is Acute respiratory distress syndrome
S&S?
- Diffuse alveolar damage leading to severe hypoxemia and decrease lung compliance
- S&S: Multi-organ failure, pulmonary fibrosis, death, severe dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxemia, crackles
What is the treatment for Acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Mechanical ventilation, corticosteriods, supportive care, O2 therapy Antibotics in infection
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