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chapter 40 Flashcards

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1
Q

anatomy

A

is biological form of an organism

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

physiology

A

is the biological functions an organism performs

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4
Q

animal form and function are correlated at all levels of organization: size and shape—

A

affect the way an animal interacts with its enviorment

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5
Q

animal form and function are correlated at all levels of organization: as animals increase in size—-

A

thicker skeletons are required for support

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6
Q

animal form and function are correlated at all levels of organization: properties of water—–

A

limit possible shapes for fast swimming animals

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7
Q

what must be exchanged across the cell membranes of animal cells?

A

materials such as nutrients, waste products, and gases must be exchanged across the cell membranes of animal cells

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8
Q

waste products:

A

feces- for digestive system, kidneys-urine

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9
Q

gases:

A

O2, CO2, N, H, HCO3(biocarbonate), PH (phosphorous)

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10
Q

what is rate of exchange?

A

is proportional to a cells surface

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11
Q

amount of exchange

A

material is proportional to a cells volume

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12
Q

characteristic of single celled organism?

A

living in water and has sufficient surface area to carry out all necessary gas exchange

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13
Q

single celled organism ex:

A

ameobas, paramecium, euglenas

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14
Q

characteristic of multicellular organism:

A

with a saclike body plan have body walls that are only two cells thick, facilitating diffusion of materials

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15
Q

multicellular organism ex:

A

hydra- exchanges gases thru the process of diffusion

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16
Q

tapeworms is a type of

A

type of parasitic flatworm

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17
Q

where do tapeworms live?

A

in human intestine by attaching themselves to the intestinal wall using a specialized structure called the scolex, which often has hooks and suckers

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18
Q

how do tapeworms absorb nutrients?

A

absorb nutrients directly from the host’s digested food within the intestine, as they lack a digestive system of their own

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19
Q

3 common types of tapeworms are:

A
  1. taenia solium- found in pork-MOST COMMON
  2. TAENIA SAGINATA- found in beef
  3. diphyllobothrium latum- found. in fish
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20
Q

whats the most common type of tapeworms?

A

taenia solium- found in pork

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21
Q

most animals are composed of specialized cells organized into—-

A

tissues

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22
Q

what do tissue make up?

A

organs, which together make up organ system and then make up organism

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23
Q

organs of digestive system:

A

emascular tube, esophogus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine/colon

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24
Q

accesory organs define:

A

means addition to the systems

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25
whats accesory organs to digestive system?
tounge, salvory glands, tith, liver, goldbladder, pancreas
26
whats digestive system start and end with?
tounge and ends with anus
27
whats main component of digestive system?
mouth, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, anus
28
whats main component of circulatory system?
heart, blood vessels, blood
29
whats main component of respiratory system?
lungs, trachea, other breathing tubes
30
whats main component of immune and lymphatic?
bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymph vessels
31
whats main component of excretory system?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
32
whats main component of endocrine?
pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and other hormone- secreting glands
33
whats main component of reproductive system?
ovaries or testes and associated organs
34
whats main component of nervous system?
brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs
35
whats main component of integumentary system?
skin and its derivatives (such as hair, claws, skin glands)
36
what does integumentary literlly mean?
skin
37
whats main component of skeletal system?
skeleton (bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage)
38
whats main component of muscular?
skeletal muscles
39
whats main function of digestive system?
food processing (ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination, escretion)
40
whats main function of circulatory system?
internal distribution of materials
41
whats main function of respiratory system?
gas exchange( uptake of oxygen; disposal of carbon dioxide
42
whats main function of immune and lymphatic system?
body defense (fighting infections and cancer)
43
whats main function of excretory system?
disposal of metabolic wastes; regulation of osmotic balance of blood
44
whats main function of endocrine system?
releases hormones directly into the blood
45
whats main function of reproductive system?
reproduction
46
whats main function of nervous system?
coordination of body activities; detection of stimuli and formulation of responses to them
47
whats main function of integumentary system?
protection against mechanical injury, infection, dehydration; thermoregulation
48
whats main function of skeletal system?
body support, protection of internal organs, movement
49
whats main function of muscular?
locomotion and other movement
50
respiratory system:
trachea/windpipe FIRST SPLITS INTO bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
51
whats main function of alveoli?
gas exchange
52
nervous system is divided into :
PNS ( peripheral nervous system) CNS ( spinal cord and brain ONLY
53
CNS- central nervous system whats 2 components only:
spinal cord and brain
54
whats special about endocrine system?
releases hormones directly into blood
55
endocrine system whats six components:
1. 3 in brain- hypothalumus, pituatary, pineel 2. thyroid gland 3.parathyroid gland 4.pancreas- endocrine and exocrine gland 5.adrenal glands 6. ovaries/testes
56
whats glands in the brain for edocrine system:
hypothalumus, pituatray, pineel
57
which gland right by trachae?
thyroid gland
58
which gland on top of kidneys?
adrenal
59
what does pancreas produce?
endocrine- produces hormones exocrine- produces enzymes
60
what does uterer do?
connect kidneys to urinary bladder
61
what does urethea do?
urine expelled to toilet
62
why is right kidney lower?
bc of liver
63
diff tissues have....
diff structures that r suited to their functions
64
tissues r classified into 4 main categories:
epithelial connective muscle nervous
65
what 2 components of nervous system?
neurons and glial cells/neuroglia
66
nervous tissue-
conducting electrical impulses, communication, regulating body functions
67
whats functional unit of nervous system?
neurons
68
what does simple mean?
1 layer
69
epithelial tissue:
protection, absorption, secretion, filtration, sensation
70
ex of epithelial tissues
simple squamous, simple cuboidal
71
muscle tissue:
movement, posture, heat protection
72
ex of muscle tissue
1.cardiac- lines with heart 2.smooth- smooth muscle lines internal organ besides heart 3.skeletal
73
connective tissue:
support, protection, transport, storage, insulation
74
what are all parts of connective tissue?
fat, bone, blood, cartilage
75
what does epithelial tissue do?
1.covers the outer surfaces of the body( like skin) and lines the surfaces of internal organs (like the lungs, digestive tract, and urinary system) and cavities (abdominal caity) 2. also forms a protective barrier
76
the shape of epthelial cells may be:
1. squamous- like floor tiles 2.cuboidal- like dice 3.columnar-like bricks
77
the arrangement of epithelial cells may be:
simple-single cell layer stratified- multiple tiers of cells pseudostratified- appears to be a stratified but in reality is a single layer of cells varying in lenghth
78
what type of epithelial tissue do the kidneys have?
simple columnar epithelium
79
what type of epithelial tissue do the liver have?
simple squamos epithelium
80
what type of epithelial tissue do the esophogus have?
esophogus connects mouth to stomach and they have pseudostratified columnar epithelium
81
what does connective tissue mainly do?
binds and support other tissues
82
3 types of connective tissue fiber, all made of protein:
1.collagenous 2. reticular fibers 3. elastic fibers
83
collagenous- type of connective tissue
fibers provide srenghth and flexibility
84
reticular fibers- type of connective tissue
join connective tissue to adjacent tissues
85
elastic fibers- type of connective tissue
stretch and snap back to their original length
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