chapter 48/49 part2

Question 1

epinephrine/

Answer 1

adrenaline

Question 2

norepinephrine/

Answer 2

norsdranelin

Question 3

epinephrine and norepinephrine released from-

Answer 3

adrenal medulla

Question 4

crucial NTS and hormone acting as the brains reward, motivation and movement

Answer 4

dopamine

Question 5

crucial NTS and hormone regulating sleep, appetite, memory and gut function==

Answer 5

seratonin

Question 6

biogenic amines include—-and are active in

Answer 6

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
active n CNS and PNS

Question 7

what are neuropeptides?

Answer 7

relatively short chains of amino acids

Question 8

neuropeptiteds also function as

Answer 8

NTS

Question 9

what do neuropeptides include? what does that affect?

Answer 9

substance P and endorphins, which both affect our perception of pain

Question 10

what does substance P (SP) promote?

Answer 10

pain transmission

Question 11

what do endorphins do?

Answer 11

inhibit pain by blocking SP release and acting as natural opiods

Question 12

ex of opiates

Answer 12

morphine, codeine, and heroin

Question 13

opiates binds to the—

Answer 13

same receptors as endorphins and can be used as painkillers

Question 14

the essential support cells of the nervous system==

Answer 14

glial cells/ neuroglia

Question 15

what provides structural support, insulation, nutrients and immune defense for neurons?

Answer 15

glial cells

Question 16

types of neuroglia in CNS:

Answer 16

ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia

Question 17

types of neuroglia in PNS:

Answer 17

satellite cells and Schwann cells

Question 18

who forms tight junction, resulting in BBB and restricting the entry of most substances in the brain?

Answer 18

astrocytes

Question 19

specialized cells in the CNS responsible for producing myelin, a fatty substance that insulates nerve cell axons?

Answer 19

ogliodendrocytes

Question 20

specialized cells in the PNS that supporting and protecting nerve fibers==

Answer 20

Schwann cells

Question 21

who forms myelin sheath around axons, which allows for faster nerve signal transmission?

Answer 21

Schwann cells

Question 22

brain and spinal cord contain:

Answer 22

gray matter and white matter

Question 23

gray matter consists of

Answer 23

neuron cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons

Question 24

white matter consists of

Answer 24

bundles of myelinated axons

Question 25

PNS transmits information----

Answer 25

to and from the CNS and regulates the movement and the internal enviorment

Question 26

in the PNS:

Answer 26

1. afferent neurons= transmit information to the CNS 3. efferent neurons= transmit information away from CNS

Question 27

PNS has 2 efferent components:

Answer 27

motor system and autonomic nervous system

Question 28

motor system carries---

Answer 28

signals to skeletal muscles and is voluntary

Question 29

autonomic nervous system regulates--

Answer 29

smooth and cardiac muscles and is generally involuntary

Question 30

autonomic nervous system/ Ans has 2 divisions:

Answer 30

sympathetic- regulates arousal and energy generation ( fight or flight response) parasympathetic division promotes calming and a return to rest and digest function

Question 31

which division targets organs like constricts pupil of eye, stimulates salivary gland secretion, constricts bronchi in lungs, slows heart, provides emptying of bladder?

Answer 31

parasympathetic division

Question 32

which division targets organs like dilates pupil of eye, inhibits salivary gland secretion, relaxed bronchi in lungs, stimulates adrenal medulla, inhibits emptying of bladder?

Answer 32

sympathetic

Question 33

forebrain has activities including:

Answer 33

processing of olfactory input, regulation of sleep, learning and any complex processing

Question 34

midbrain coordinates --

Answer 34

routing of sensory input

Question 35

hindbrain controls

Answer 35

involuntary activities and coordinates motor activities

Question 36

FOREBRAIN embryonic brain region: brain structures in child and adult:

Answer 36

TELENCEPHALON- cerebrum ( includes cerebral cortex, basal nuclei) DIANCEPHALON - diancephalon ( thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)

Question 37

MIDBRAIN embryonic brain region: brain structures in child and adult:

Answer 37

mesencephalon midbrain- part of brainstem

Question 38

HINDBRAIN embryonic brain region: brain structures in child and adult:

Answer 38

metencephalon- pons ( part. of brainstem), cerebellum myelencephalon- medulla oblongata ( part of brainstem)

Question 39

brainstem:

Answer 39

midbrain, pons, medulla oblangota

Question 40

2 hemispheres work together by communicating thru the fibers of the---

Answer 40

corpus callosum

Question 41

who helps with communication between right and left side of the brain?

Answer 41

corpus callosum

Question 42

in mammals, circadian rhythms are coordinated by a ----

Answer 42

group of neurons in the hypothalamus called the supriachiasmatic nucleus SCN

Question 43

brains master clock=

Answer 43

SCN

Question 44

the SCN acts as a ----, synchronizing ----

Answer 44

pacemaker biological clock

Question 45

master biological clock in the brain that regulates daily rhythms==

Answer 45

SCN

Question 46

hormone that helps synchronize those rhythms with the light dark cycle=

Answer 46

melatonin

Question 47

structure most important to the storage of emotion in the memory is the--

Answer 47

amydala

Question 48

whats amygdala?

Answer 48

a mass of nuclei near the base of the cerebrum