chapter 40 part 2

Question 1

connective tissue contains cells, including:

Answer 1

fibroblasts AND MACROPHAGES

Question 2

fibroblasts function:

Answer 2

secrete collagen proteins that help maintain the structural framework of tissues

Question 3

whats most common cell type represented in connective tissue?

Answer 3

fibroblasts

Question 4

macrophages are a type of?

Answer 4

WBC

Question 5

whats macrophages function?

Answer 5

surrounds and kills microorganisms,
remove dead cells
stimulates the action of other immune system cells

Question 6

whats most important function of macrophages?

Answer 6

surrounds and kills microorganisms

Question 7

what does WBC do?

Answer 7

protect us from bacteria, removes dead tissue

Question 8

in vertebrae, the fibers and foundation combine to form 6 major types of connective tissue:

Answer 8

loose, fibrous, bone, adipose, blood, cartilage

Question 9

what does loose connective tissue do?

Answer 9

binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place

Question 10

what does fibrous onnective tissue do?

Answer 10

is found in tendons and ligaments

Question 11

define tendons

Answer 11

attach muscles to bones

Question 12

ligaments:

Answer 12

which connect bone at joints/ bone to bone

Question 13

what does bone connective tissue do?

Answer 13

mineralized and forms the skeleton

Question 14

what does adipose connective tissue do?

Answer 14

stores fat for insulation and fuel

Question 15

what does blood connective tissue do?

Answer 15

is composed of blood cells and cell fragments

Question 16

what does cartilage connective tissue do?

Answer 16

strong and flexible support material

Question 17

what is muscle tissue responsible for?

Answer 17

nearly all types of body movement

Question 18

what does muscle cells consist of?

Answer 18

filaments of the proteins actin and myosin which together enable muscles to contract

Question 19

actin is

Answer 19

thin contractile filament

Question 20

myosin

Answer 20

thick contractile filament

Question 21

muscle tissue is divided into the vertebrae body into 3 types:

Answer 21

1. skeletal muscle/ or striated muscle is responsible for voluntary movement
2. smooth muscle is responsible for involuntary body activities
3. cardiac muscle/ striated is responsible for the heart

Question 22

which muscles are striated?

Answer 22

skeletal and cardiac

Question 23

cardiac muscle has intercalated disk which allow for?

Answer 23

rapid electric transmission and nutrient exchange

Question 24

what does nervous tissue contain?

Answer 24

neurons and glial cells/glia

Question 25

function of neurons:

Answer 25

transmits nerve impulses

Question 26

glial cells function:

Answer 26

crucial supporting cells in the nervous system, playing a vital role in maintaining neuronal HEALTH and function

Question 27

whats the speed of nerve signal transmission?

Answer 27

very fast

Question 28

control and coordination within a body depend on?

Answer 28

endocrine system and nervous system

Question 29

what does the endocrine system do?

Answer 29

transmits chemical signals called hormones directly into the blood

Question 30

what can a hormone affect?

Answer 30

one or more regions throughout the body

Question 31

what are hormones relatively?

Answer 31

slow acting but can have long lasting effects

Question 32

where does the nervous system transmit information to?

Answer 32

between specific locations

Question 33

the information from nervous system conveyed depends on----

Answer 33

a signals pathway

Question 34

nerve signal transmission is -----

Answer 34

very fast and has slow effects

Question 35

whats diff Btwn endocrine system and nervous system?

Answer 35

endocrine transmits slow but has long lasting effects and nervous system transmits fast but has slow effects

Question 36

what do organisms use to maintain a steady state or internal balance regardless of external enviorment?

Answer 36

homeostasis

Question 37

homeostasis

Answer 37

internal balance regardless of external enviorment/ state of equilibrium

Question 38

in humans homeostasis-

Answer 38

body temp, blood ph and glucose concentration are each maintained at a constant level

Question 39

what does homeostasis on animal rely on?

Answer 39

relies largely on negative feedback

Question 40

negative feedback-

Answer 40

which helps to return a variable to normal range

Question 41

positive feedback-

Answer 41

amplifies a stimulus and does not usually contribute to homeostasis animals

Question 42

negative feedback loop- ex of temperature regulation

Answer 42

heat gain and heat loss

Question 43

heat gain

Answer 43

if the body gets too warm, sweating releases moisture that evaporates, cooling the skin blood vessels near the skins surface also dilate, allowing more heat to radiate away from the body

Question 44

heat loss

Answer 44

if the body gets too cold, shivering muscles contract rapidly, producing heat blood vessels near the skins surface constrict , reducing heat loss

Question 45

what does pineyl gland do?

Answer 45

regulate circadyn rythm

Question 46

in animals and plants, circadian rythm ----

Answer 46

governs physiological changes that occur roughly every 24 hours

Question 47

melatonin is releases and produced by?

Answer 47

pineel gland

Question 48

what is melatonin?

Answer 48

is a hormone that the brain produces in response to darkness

Question 49

what can block melatonin production?

Answer 49

being exposed to light at night

Question 50

homeostatic processes for----

Answer 50

thermoregulation involve form, function, and behavior

Question 51

thermoregulation-

Answer 51

is the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range

Question 52

endothermic

Answer 52

animals generate heat by metabolism

Question 53

who are endotherms?

Answer 53

birds and mammals

Question 54

ectothermic

Answer 54

animals gain heat from external sources

Question 55

which animals are ectothermic?

Answer 55

invertebraets, fishes, amphibians

Question 56

where are adenal glands located?

Answer 56

superior to kidneys

Question 57

methods of heat loss:

Answer 57

convection, conduction, evaporation, radiation

Question 58

convection:

Answer 58

method of heat loss, transfer of heat from the body to moving LIQUID OR AIR

Question 59

conduction-

Answer 59

transfer of heat from the body to a cooler surface by direct contact

Question 60

what r main players of convection and conduction?

Answer 60

AC, ocean, and pool

Question 61

evaporation-

Answer 61

sweat is vaporized at the skin surface. heat loss thru the conversion of liquid to gas.

Question 62

radiation

Answer 62

transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves, with no physical contact required

Question 63

heat regulation in mammals often involves the----

Answer 63

integumentary system: skin, hair , and nails