chapter 44 part 2

Question 1

ADH primary function:

Answer 1

regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to reduced urine output and helping maintain blood pressure

Question 2

what part of nephron does ADH stimulate?

Answer 2

collecting duct

Question 3

osmoreceptors in hypothalamus trigger:

Answer 3

release of ADH and generates thirst

Question 4

when sweating blood osmolarity increases which triggers hypothalamus and then goes…

Answer 4

1. to posterior pituitary gland which stimulates vesoprin/ADH which goes to collecting duct and then h20 reabsorption
2. hypothalamus generates thirst

Question 5

what is alcohol?

Answer 5

a diuretic as it inhibits the release of ADH leading to increased urination and potential dehydration

Question 6

mutation and ADH production causes—

Answer 6

severe dehydration and results in diabetes insipidus

Question 7

RAAS system only when–

Answer 7

drop in blood pressure and drop in fluid volume

Question 8

RAAS systen:

Answer 8

1. enzyme renin release from kidneys
   2.liver releases angiotensinogen
2. renin acts on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin 1
3. ace release from lungs
4. ACE acts on angiotensin 1 to form angiotensin 2
   6.angiotensin 2 also acts directly on blood vessels, stimulating vasoconstriction
5. angiotensin 2 acts on the adrenal gland to stimulate release of aldosterone
6. aldosterone acts on the kidneys to stimulate reabsorption of salt and water

Question 9

what does kidneys release?

Answer 9

renin

Question 10

what do lungs release in RAAS system?

Answer 10

ACE

Question 11

adrenal gland releases?

Answer 11

aldosterone

Question 12

RAAS is part of a —

Answer 12

complex feedback circuit that functions in homeostasis

Question 13

a drop in blood pressure near the glomerulus causes the–

Answer 13

juxtaglomerular apparatus to release the enzyme renin

Question 14

renin triggers the formation of the peptide endocrine hormone–

Answer 14

angiotensin 2

Question 15

what does angiotensin 2 do?

Answer 15

raises blood pressure and decreases blood flow to the kidneys

Question 16

angiotensin 2 stimulates the release of the hormone—

Answer 16

adolsterone which increases blood volume and pressure

Question 17

ADH and RAAS both increase —

Answer 17

water reabsorption, but only RAAS will respond to a decrease in blood volume

Question 18

which another hormone opposes the RAAS?

Answer 18

ANP