continued chapter 27

Question 1

Mycoplasms,

Answer 1

the smallest known cells,
damaging the lining of the respiratory
system (throat, lungs, windpipe)
gram positive bacteria

Question 2

Archaea share certain traits with— and other traits with—-

Answer 2

bacteria, eukaryotes

Question 3

extremophiles

Answer 3

some archae live in extreme environments

Question 4

Archae: extreme halophiles

Answer 4

live in highly saline environments

Question 5

Archae: extreme thermophiles

Answer 5

live in very hot enviorments

Question 6

what are methanogess?

Answer 6

they are archae

Question 7

what are methanogens known for?

Answer 7

their unique ability to produce methane( as waste product) as a byproduct of their metabolism

Question 8

methanogens are strict?

Answer 8

strict anaerobes and r poisoned by O2

Question 9

Prokaryotes plays a major role in?

Answer 9

the recycling of chemical elements between the living and nonliving components of the ecosystem

Question 10

chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes

Answer 10

function as decomposers, breaking down dead organisms and waste products

Question 11

what can prokaryotes sometimes increase?

Answer 11

the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for plant growth

Question 12

symbiosis

Answer 12

is an ecological relationship in which 2 species live in close contact: a larger host and smaller symbiont

Question 13

symbiont

Answer 13

an organism that lives in a close, long-term association with another organism, known as the host)

Question 14

What do prokaryotes often form?

Answer 14

symbiotic relationship with other organisms

Question 15

what are types of symbiotic relationships?

Answer 15

mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

Question 16

mutualism

Answer 16

both symbiotic organisms benefit

Question 17

commensalism

Answer 17

one organism benefits while neither harming nor helping the other in any significant way

Question 18

parasitism

Answer 18

an organism called a parasite harms but does not kill its host

Question 19

pathogens

Answer 19

parasites that cause diseases

Question 20

pathogenic prokaryotes

Answer 20

typically cause disease by releasing exotoxins or endotoxins

Question 21

exotoxins

Answer 21

are secreted and cause disease even if the prokaryotes that produce them are not present

Question 22

endotoxins

Answer 22

are only released only when bacteria die and their cell walls break down

Question 23

prokaryotes are the principal agents in

Answer 23

bioremediation

Question 24

bioremediation

Answer 24

the use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment

Question 25

bacteria can be engineered to produce

Answer 25

vitamins, antibiotics, and hormones

Question 26

bacteria can now be used to.....

Answer 26

make natural plastics

Question 27

cellulose

Answer 27

is the primary structural component of plant cell wall

Question 28

chitin

Answer 28

serves as a structural components in the exoskeletons of arthropods *e.g. insects, and cell walls of fungi

Question 29

key features of prokaryotic reproduction

Answer 29

they are small, they reproduce by binary fission, they have short generation times