Anatomy Week 6 Flashcards by Shaylei M

Name the components of the eye

Bony orbit
Eyelids and lacrimal apparatus
Eye ball
Six extraocular muscles

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What are orbits

Bilateral bony cavities in the facial skeleton shaped like hollow quadrangular pyramids

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How are the medial and lateral walls situated in the orbits bases

Medial walls are parallel and lateral walls are at 90 degree

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What is the function of eyelids

Bound the orbits and control exposure of the eyeball

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What is the function of extrocular muscles in the orbital region

Position the eyeballs and raise the superior eyelids

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What does the orbital fascia surround

The eyeballs and muscles

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What is Conjunctiva in the orbital region

A mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and anterior eyeballs

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What is the function of Lacrimal apparatus

Lubricates the eye

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What is the remaining space in the orbits filed with

Orbital fat

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What is the shape/structure of orbits

Hollow quadrangular pyramids with a base , four walls and an apex

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What is the base if the orbit outlined by

Orbital margin

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Name the 4 walls orbits contain

superior wall
Medial wall
Inferior wall
Lateral wall

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What is the superior wall(roof) of the orbit formed by

Formed by mainly the orbital part of the frontal lobe
+ the lesser wing of the sphenoid

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What does the superior wall of the orbits contain

Lacrimal fossa

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What is the medial wall formed by

Orbital plate of the ethmoid bone along with contributions from the frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal and sphenoid bones

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What is the inferior wall of the orbit formed by

Maxilla and partly the zygomatic and palatine bones

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Explain the structure of the medial wall of the orbits

Paper thin

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Explain the structure of the lateral wall of the orbits

The strongest and thickest wall

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What is the lateral wall of the orbits formed by

Formed by the frontal process of the zygomatic bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid

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Where is the Apex located

At the optic canal in the lesser wing of the sphenoid

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What is the periorbita

Periosteum of the orbit

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What are the bones forming the orbit lined with

Periorbita

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What is the periorbita continous with(5)

-Periosteal layer of dura mater
-The periosteum covering the cranium
-The orbital septa
-The fascial sheaths of the extraocular muscles
-The orbital fascia

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What is the function of the eyelids and lacrimal fluid

-Protect the cornea and eyeballs from injury and irritation

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Explain the structure of the upper and lower eyelids

- They are movable folds of skin

What is the eyelids externally covered by + internally

Externally covered by skin and internally by the palpebral conjunctiva

What are Tarsal plates

- Dense connective tissues that provide suppot to the eyelids

What do Tarsal plates contain + function of contents

- Tarsal glands, that lubricate the eyelid edges

What is the function of the Orbicularis oculi muscle in the eye

- Closes the eye

Name the muscle that closes the eye

Orbicularis oculi

What is the function of the Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Lifts the upper eyelid

What is the function of the orbital septum

- Connect the tarsal plates to the margins of the orbit + holds orbital fat in place

Where are eyelashes located

On the margins of the eyelids

What are palpebral commissures

Junctions of the superior and inferior eyelids

What is the function of the medial palpebral ligament -What does it connect

Conects the tarsi to the medial orbit , providing attachment for the orbicularis oculi

What is teh function of the lateral palpebral ligament -What it attaches

IT attches the tarsi to the lateral margin of the orbit

Where is the lacrimal Gland located

It is located in the lacrimal fossa of the orbit

What does the lacrimal gland produce

Tears

What stimulates tear production

Secretomotor parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve

What drains tears into the nasal cavity

Nasolacrimal duct

Name the 2 palpebral ligaments

Medial palpebral ligament Lateral palpebral ligament

What is the Lacrimal fluid secreted through

- 8-12 Excretory ducts into the superior conjunctival fornix

What does blinking do to the lacrimal fluid

- It spreads the fluid over the cornea, pushing debris like dust towards the medial angle of the eye

Where does the lacrimal fluid drain through + what action moves it

- Capillary action moves the fluid into the lacrimal canaliculi via the lacrimal puncta

What constricts blood vessels

- sympathetic fibers

What causes blood shot eyes

When the conjunctiva appears colourless until its vessles dilate due to irritation

What can hyperemia( increase in blood flow) result from

Irritation

Inflammation and swelling can occur in the eyelid glands due to what?

Infection or duct obstruction

What does obstruction of the ciliary glands cause

- causes a painful red swelling

What does obstruction of sebaceous glands form

- Obstruction of the sebaceous glands form chalazia (cyst)

In the Middle ear what is the tympanic cavity

Air filled space in the temporal bone

In the middle ear what does the auditory tube connect + why

Connecs the middle ear to the pharynx , equalizing air pressure

What does the auditory ossicles transmit

- Vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the internal ear W

In the middle ear what do the muscles protect the inner ear from

Loud sounds

Name the layers of the eye

-Outer fibrous layer -Middle vascular layer -Inner neural Lyer

What does the outer fibrous layer include

sclera and cornea

Explain the structure of the sclera + function

- White part of the eye -provides shape,structure and site for muscle attachment

Explain the structure of the cornea

Transparent anterior part

What dose the middle vascular layer contain

- Choroud, ciliary body and iris

Give a characteristic of the choroid + what does it norusih

- Highy vasculr -Nourishes the retina

What does the ciliarybody connect

- choroid to the iris

What does the ciliary body contain + what does it secrete

- Contains ciliary muscle -Secrets aqueous humor

What is the iris

Coulored part of the eye

What does the iris contain

-The pupil

Name the muscles in the middle vascular layer+ their functions

sphincter pupillae- constricts pupil dilator pupillae, dilates pupil

What does the inner layer contain

retina

Name the 2 parts the inner neural layer

optic part non optic part

Which of the 2 parts in the neural layer is light sensitive

optic part

What is the center of the fovea + what does it lack

foveola,lacks capillaries

Name the path of light to Retina

-Cornea -Aqueous humor -Lens -Vitrous body

What doe rods function in

Dim light and nigth vison

What do cones function in

colour vison and for high visual acuity

What happens in presbyopia + what it leads to

-The lends become thicker and less elastic+ thicker -Leads to dificuly focusing on near objects`

What are cataracts

When the pens become cloudy due to opacities

How is cataracts treated

- Cataract extraction and introcular lens implant

What does extrascapular cataract extraction involve

- Removal of the lens but leaving the capsule

What does intrasccapular cataract extraction involve

The lens and capsule both being removed and placing an anterior lens in the anterior chamber

Name the 2 different types of cataract extraction

Extracapsular intracapsular

What is Glaucome caused by

Blocked aqueous humor outflow

What does glaucome lead to

Increased intraocular pressure

What is the main artery for the orbit + what it branches intoc+ the function of that

- Opthalmic artery branches into - Central retinal artery , which supply the retina

Name the veins in the orbit

Supeior and inferior opthalmic veins

Where do the veins in the orbit drain into

- cavernous sinus

Name the 6 cranial nerves in the orbit + NUMBERS+ function

- Optic nerve-1-vision -Oculomotor-2-pupil constriction -Trochlear-4-supeiror oblique -Opthalamic-V1-sensory -Abducent-6 -Facial- 7- lacrimal gland secretion function:

What is the function of the sympathetic nerve from cartoid plexus in relation to the eye - what it dilates+ innervates

-Dilutes pupil + innervates ciliary body

What is the function of the parasympathetic from cranial nerve 3

Constricts pupil and accomodation of ciliary body

Explain the function of the parasympathetic from cranial nerve 7

- Tear secretion

What is horner syndrome

-Distrubition of sympatehtic pathway in thr neck

What are symptoms of horners syndrome

-drooping eyelid -sunken eye -pupil constriction

What are the effects of an oculomotor nerve injury

- The eye deviates down and out + - pupil dilates

What is the optic nerve formed by

Axons of ganglion cells in the retina

What is the optic nerve myelinated by

Oligodendoryctes

What does the optic nerve exit the orbit via

Via the optic canal

Where is the optic chiasma located

Near the anterior wall of the the 3rd ventricle

Name 2 fibers the optic chiasma contains

- Nasal retinak -Temporal retinel

What does the optic tract continue from

Optic chiasma

What is the lateral Geniculate body part of

Thalamus

Anatomy Week 6 Flashcards

(97 cards)