Medicine Sem 2 > COM 2 Anatomy w5 part 2 > Flashcards

COM 2 Anatomy w5 part 2 Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

What does the hypothalamus extend from and to

A

Optic chiasm to the caudal border of the mamillar border

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2
Q

What is the hypothalamus apart of

A

Diencephalon

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3
Q

Where does the hypothalamus lie

A

Below the thalamus

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4
Q

Explain the anatomical structure boundaries of the Hypothalamus :
-Superior
-Inferolateral
-Anterior
-Posterior
-Lateral

A

-Superior: Thalamus
-Inferolateral: Subthalamic region
Anterior- Preptic area
-Posterior - tegmentum of the midbrain

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5
Q

In the hypothalamus name the structures visibke from below the brain

A
  • Optic chiasma
    -Tuber cinereum + infundibulum
    -Mamillary bodies
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6
Q

What is the 2 functions/roles of the hypothalamus

A
  • Integrative role
    -Vital for homeostasis
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7
Q

Explain the integrative role of the hypothalamus- function

A
  • Regulates ANS and Endocrine system
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8
Q

Explain the vital for homeostasis function of the hypothalamus- what it controls

A

-Regulates:
-Body temperature
-Body fluids
-Hunger and thirst
-Sexual behaviour
-Emotions

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9
Q

What is the hypothalamic nuclei composed of

A

Small nerve cells grouped into nuclei

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10
Q

In the hypothalamic nuclei, what do many nuclei lack

A

Lack clear boundaries

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11
Q

What is the hypothalamic nuclei divided by and into what

A
  • Divided by :
    -An imganinary parasagittal plane into
  • Medial zone
    -Lateral zone
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12
Q

Name the 8 nuclei the Medial zoneof the hypothalmic nuclei contains

A
  • Preoptic nucleus
    -Anterior nucleus
    -Suprachiasmatic nucleus
    -Paraventricular nucleus
    -Dorsomedial
    Ventromedial
    -Infundibular
    -Posterior nucleus
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13
Q

Name the 6 nucleus the lateral zone of the hypothalamus contains

A
  • Preoptic nucleus
    -Suprachiasmatic nucleus
    -Suproptic nucleus
    -Lateral nucleus
    -Tuberomamillary nucleus
    -Lateral tuberal nuclei
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14
Q

What is the overlapping zone of the hypothalamus

A

The span of both zones

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15
Q

Name the 3 nuclei that the overlapping zone of the hypothalamic nuclei contains

A
  • Preoptic nucleus
    -Suprachiasmatic nucleus
    -Mamillary nucleus
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16
Q

What does the hypothalamus recieve and send information via

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A
  • Nervous connection
    -Bloodstream
    -Cerebrospinal fluid
17
Q

Name the 9 main afferent pathways that go to the hypothalamus

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A
  • Somatic and visceral afferent
    -Visual afferent
    -Olfactory afferents
    -Auditory afferents
    -Corticohypothalamic fibers
    -Hippocamphypothamic fibers
    -Amygdalohypothalamic
    -Thalamohypothalamic fibers
    tegmental
18
Q

Where does the first 4 afferent pathways to the hypothalamus come from :
-Somatic and visceral afferents- come from + travel via what
-Visual afferents from what to what
-Olfactory afferents via what
-Auditory afferents- None ignore

-

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A

-Somatic and visceral- From general sensation, taste and internal organ- travel via :
-Lemnisci fibers
-Tractus solitarius
-Reticular formation

-Visual afferents- From optic chiasma to suprachiasmatic nucleus
-Olfactory - via medial forebrain bundle
Auditory afferents-

19
Q

Where does the last 5 of the afferent pathways to the hypothalamus come from :
-Corticohypothalamic
-Hippocampohypothalamic- from what via what to what
-Amygdalohypothalamic from what via what
-Thalamohypothalamic- x2
-Tegmental

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A

Cortico:
-From frontal lobe
Hippocampo:
-From hippocampus, via the fornix to mamillary bodies
-Amygdalo:
- From amygdala via stria terminalis
Thalamo:
-From dorsomedial and midline thalamic nuclei
Tegmental:
-From midbrain tegmentum

20
Q

Name the the 3 efferent connectiosn /pathway from the hypothalamus

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A
  • Descending fibers to brainstem and spinal cord
    -Mammillothalamic tract
    -Mammillotegmental tract
21
Q

Explain the efferent connection from the hypothalamus :
-Descnding fibers to brainstem and spinal cord
-What is the target
What does it descend via
+ explain the connections

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A
  • Target- ANS
    Route: via reticular formation
    Connectiosn:
    -parasympathetic nuclei of 3,7,9,10 cranial nerves
    -sympatehtic neurons in lateral gray horns from T1 to L2
22
Q

Explain the mammillothalamic tract + mamillotegmental tract as the efferent connection from the hypothalamus
-Where they are from
What they go to

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A

Mamillothalamic tract:
-From mamillary body
-To anterior nucleus of the thalamus
Mamillotegmental tract:
-From mamillary body
-To reticular fromation in midbrain tegmentum

23
Q

Name the 2 pathways the hypothalamus is connected to the hypophysis cerebri(PITUITARY GLAND) via

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A

-Nerve fibers that travel from the suproptic and paraventricular nuclei to the posterior lobe of the hypophysis
-Long and shirt portal blood vessles tht connect sinusoids in the median eminence and infundibulum

24
Q

Name the hormones used in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract + where they come from

Study These Flashcards
A

-Vasopressin(ADH)- from suproptic nucleus
-Oxytocin- from paraventricular nucleus

25
Explain how the hormones in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract are transported: - travel down what(from to) -carried along with what -Stored where + released where
Down the axons from hypothalamic nuclei to the posterior pituutary -Carried along with neurophysins(carrier proteins) -Stored in axon terminals until released into fenestrated capillaries of posterior lobe
26
What are the functions of the hormone vasopressin in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract x3
- It causes vasoconstriciton -Has an antidiuretic effect, increasing water reabsoprtion -Causes osmoregulation
27
What is the function of the hormone oxytocin: -what does it stimulate
-Stimulates uterine contraxtion during labour -Stimulates milk ejection
28
In the hypophyseal portal system what does the nuerosecretory cells in medial hypothalamus produce: -Where are these hormones transported into -Where do the hormones enter
-Releasing hormone -Releasing inhibiting hormones -median eminence infundibulum -Enter fenestrated capillaries
29
In the hypothalamus role of controlling ANS: Explain the parasympathetic and sympathetic responses
PARASYMPATHETIC: ↓ Blood pressure ↓ Heart rate ↑ GI motility & acidity Bladder contraction ↑ Salivation Pupil constriction Sympatehtic: ↑ Blood pressure ↑ Heart rate ↓ GI motility (cessation of peristalsis) Pupil dilation Hyperglycemia
30
In hypothalamus role of controling Endorine system : -What does the hypothalamic nuclei produce -What do theyregulate
Produces: -relasing hormone releasing inhibiting hormone Regulate anterior pituitary which secretes: -GH, Prolactin(LTH), ACTHM TSH,LH,FSH
31
In the neurosecretion function of the hypothalamus what does the: -Supraoptic nucleus -paraventricular nucleus secrete
suproptic- vasopressin Paraventricular- oxytocin
32
Name the 2 structures involved in the termperature regulton of the hypothalamus and what they cause
Anterior hypothamaus: -Vasodilation -sweating -Posterior hypothalamus -Vasoconstriciton -Shivering
33
Explain the hypothalamus function in regulating food and water intake what happens when : -Hunger center is stimulated + destructed -satiety center is stimulated + distructured -Thirst center: stimulated
Hunger center timulation → ↑ Appetite Destruction → Anorexia & weight loss Satiety Center (Medial hypothalamus): Stimulation → ↓ Appetite Destruction → Overeating & obesity Thirst Center (Lateral region): Stimulation → ↑ Desire to drink
34
In controlling emotion and behavior What does the hypothamaus work with
Limbis system and prefontal cortex
35
In control of emotion and behavor name the 2 nucleus involved and explain the effect if they r stimulated and lesiones
Lateral nucleus: Stimulation → Rage Lesion → Passivity Ventromedial nucleus: Stimulation → Passivity Lesion → Rage
36
Give examples of circadian rhythms the hypothalamus controls
- Body temperature -Renal secretion -sleep-wake cycles
37
Lesions of which part of the thalamus interrupts with the sleep wake cycle
Anterior hypothalamus
38
What nucleus recievs renal input and acts as a biological clock
- suprachiasmatic nucleus
Medicine Sem 2
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