COM 1 Anatomy week 2

Question 1

What is the shape of the spinal cord

Answer 1

• Cylindrical shape

Question 2

Where does the spinal cord start

Answer 2

• Foramen magnum

Question 3

Where does the spinal cord end

Answer 3

Lower border of the first lumbar vertebrae

Question 4

In young children where does the spinal cord extend to

Answer 4

• Upper border of the 3rd vertebrae

Question 5

What is the spinal cord surrounded by

Answer 5

• 3 meninges :
• Dura mater
  -Archnoid mater
• Pia mater

Question 6

Name the enlargements and function

Answer 6

• Cervical and lumbar enlargemnts provides nerves to upper and lower limbs

Question 7

Where does the spinal cord end

Answer 7

• Conus medullaris

Question 8

Name example of cervical enlargements

Answer 8

• Brachial plexus

Question 9

Name an example of lumbar enlargemnts

Answer 9

• Lumbosacral plexus

Question 10

What is on the posterior (dorsal) surface of the spinal cord

Answer 10

• Posterior Median sulcus

Question 11

What is on the anterior (ventral) surface of the spinal cord

Answer 11

• Anterior Median sulcus

Question 12

Name the 2 longitudinal features of the spinal cord

Answer 12

• Anterior median fissure/sulcus
  -Posterior median sulcus

Question 13

Explain the Anterior median fissure/sulcus

Answer 13

• A deep groove on the front (anterior) side of the spinal cord

Question 14

Explain the basic structue of the spinal cord

Answer 14

• inner core of grey matter surrounded by an outercovering of white matter

Question 15

Explain ths structure of grey matter in the spinal cord

Answer 15

• Has an H shaped pillar
• Can be divided into anterior (ventral), posterior(dorsal) and lateral gray columns/hors

Question 16

Where are small lateral grey columns/horns present

Answer 16

• In the throacic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Question 17

What does grey mater contain

Answer 17

• Nerve cells, neuroglia and blood vessles

Question 18

What is the Anterior (ventral) gray column/horn overall responsible for

Answer 18

• Motor control

Question 19

What does Anterior (ventral ) grey horns/columns contain + the function of the contents

Answer 19

• Contains motor neurons responsible for controlling skeletal muscle

Question 20

Name the 2 types of motor neurons that Anterior(ventral) gray horns/columns contain+ structure

Answer 20

• Alpha efferents -Large multipolar cells
• Gamma efferents- small multipolar cells

Question 21

What is the function of the alpha efferent motor neuron in the anterior(ventral) grey column/horns

Answer 21

They innervate skeletal muscles

Question 22

What is the function of the Gamma efferent motor neuron in the anterior(ventral) grey column/horns

Answer 22

• Innervates intrafusal muscle fibers in the neuromuscular spindle

Question 23

Name the 2 different groups of motor neurons in the anterior (ventral) grey horn

Answer 23

• Medial group + central group

Question 24

What is the function of the Medial group of motor neurons in the anterior(ventral) gey horns

Answer 24

• Control skeletal muscles of the runk,neck and intercostal muscles

Question 25

Where is the central group of motor neurons present in the anterior (ventral) grey horn

Answer 25

- C1-C5 -C3-C5 - L2- S1

Question 26

What is the the posterior (dorsal) grey horn/column overall responsible for

Answer 26

Sensory processing

Question 27

What dos the Posterior (Dorsal) grey horns/columns contain + the functions of the cornets

Answer 27

Contains sensory nerve cell groups that process touch,pain temperature and proprioceptors

Question 28

Name the 4 nerve cell groups in the Posterior ( Dorsal) grey horns / columns

Answer 28

- Substantia Gelatinosa - Nucleus Proprius -Nucleus Dorsais - Visceral Afferent nucleus

Question 29

Where is the substantia Gelationosa found + function

Answer 29

Tip of the dorsal horn - Recieves pain,temperature and crude touch sensations

Question 30

Where is the Nucleus proprius present and what is it responsible for

Answer 30

- Present throughout the spinal cord -Responsible for proprioception, vibration and fine touch

Question 31

Where is the Nucleus Dorsalis ( one of the nerve cell grps in the posterior gray horn) + function

Answer 31

- Located between C8- to L3 - L4 - Processes proprioceptor information from spindles and tendons

Question 32

What is the function of the Visceral afferent nucleus+ location as a nerve cell groups

Answer 32

- Recieves sensory input from internal organs -Locatiojn:T1 - T3

Question 33

What is the Lateral gray horns overall responsible for

Answer 33

-Autonomic functions

Question 34

Name the different spinal segments the lateral gray horns are found in + what the give rise

Answer 34

-From T1- L2 - L3 : Give rise to preganglionic sympathetic fibers -S2-S4- Give rise to preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 35

What are the anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) gray columns connected by

Answer 35

Gray commissures

Question 36

What is the grey commissure

Answer 36

Thin band of grey matter that connects the right and left halves of the spinal cord

Question 37

What is the grey commissure divided into and where the different components are located

Answer 37

Anterior gray commissure - Licated in front of the central canal Posterir gray commissure- Located behind the central canal

Question 38

Where is the anterior gray commissure located

Answer 38

Licated in front of the central canal

Question 39

Where is the Posterior gray commissure located

Answer 39

Behind the central canal

Question 40

Where is the central canal located

Answer 40

In the middle of the grey commissure

Question 41

What is the central canal filled with + TEH FUNCTION of the contents

Answer 41

CSF - Helps cushion and nourish the spinal cord

Question 42

Superiorly where does the central canal extend from ? + Inferiorly,

Answer 42

Medulla oblongata Conus medullaris

Question 43

What is white matter divided into

Answer 43

- Anterior Lateral Posterior

Question 44

Where is the anterior column of white matter found

Answer 44

Between the midline and where the anterior nerve roots emerge

Question 45

Where is the lateral column of the white matter found

Answer 45

Between the emergence of the anterior nerve roots and the entry of the posterior nerve roots

Question 46

Where is the posterior column of the white matter found

Answer 46

Between the energy of the posterior nerve roots and the midline

Question 47

What does white matter contain

Answer 47

Nerves Neuroglia Blood vessels

Question 48

How are nerve tracts classified

Answer 48

As ascending Descending Intersegmental tracts

Question 49

What is the Arachnoid mater in the brain covered by and crossed by

Answer 49

Covered by : Flattened mesothelial cell Crossed by : fibrous strands -

Question 50

In the Arachnoid where do nerves arteries and veins pass through

Answer 50

The subarachnoid space

Question 51

What is the structure of the pia mater in the brain

Answer 51

Vascular with flattened mesothelial cells

Question 52

What is the Dura mater in the spinal cord continuous with and through what

Answer 52

Cranial dura throught the foramane magnum

Question 53

In the Dura mater of the spinal cord wha does the extradural space contain

Answer 53

- Areolar tissue - Internak vertebral venous plexus

Question 54

Name the main arterial supplies for the spinal cord

Answer 54

- 2 posterior spinal arteries - One anterior spinal artery

Question 55

Explain the characteristics of the arteries in the main arterial supply

Answer 55

- Longituidnal arteries

Question 56

Where do posterior spinal Arteries originate from

Answer 56

- vertebral arteries or posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 57

What is the Anterior spinal artery formed by

Answer 57

- Union of 2 branches from vertebral series

Question 58

Where does the anterior spinal artery descend along

Answer 58

Anterior median fissure

Question 59

What does the anterior spinal artery supplies

Answer 59

Supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord wha

Question 60

What does the posterior spinal arteries supply

Answer 60

- Supplies the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord

Question 61

Where does segmental spinal arteries arise from

Answer 61

Deep cervical , intercostal and lumbar arteries

Question 62

Explain the characteristics of the Great Anteiror Medullary Artery of Adamkiewicz - structure - Where it arises from - what it supplies

Answer 62

- large , IMportant FEEDER artery - Arise from the aorta - lower 2/3 of the spinal cord wha does- critical artery

Question 63

What does the spinal cord veins drain into

Answer 63

They drain into 6 longitudinal channels

Question 64

What is the function of the spinal cord veins

Answer 64

- Communicate with veins of the brain