Medical ethics Week 8

Question 1

What is informed consent

Answer 1

-When a competent patient agrees to medical treatment after being properly informed, voluntarily and without coercion

Question 2

Name the 5 components/requirementfor informed conssent

Answer 2

• Patient is competent to decide
  -Patient gets an adequate discloure of information
  -The patient understands the information
  -The patient decides about treatment voluntarily
  -Patient consents explicitly

Question 3

Informed consent is important bcs of what 2 main principles

Answer 3

• Autonomy
  -Beneficience

Question 4

What is autonomy

Answer 4

• Patients should be able to make decisions about their own bodies

Question 5

What is beneficience

Answer 5

• Where health care works must act in the patients best interest

Question 6

When is a person competent

Answer 6

• If they understand the situation
  -Can reason and choose

Question 7

When may a person not be competent

Answer 7

• If they have psychosis, dementia, alcoholisme

Question 8

What does adequate disclosure includes

Answer 8

• Nature of the procedure
  -Risks
  -Alternatives
  -Expected benefits

Question 9

Name the types of information sharing standards and what they share

Answer 9

• Doctor-based standards- share what doctors typically tell patients
  -Patient-based standards- shares what a reasonable patient would want to know
  -Subjective standards- shares what this specific patient needs to know

Question 10

The decision made by the patient must be free from what

Answer 10

• Free from pressure
  -Coercion
  -Manipulation
  -Emotional pressure

Question 11

What does true consent mean

Answer 11

-Understanding the proposal
-Taking responsibility

Question 12

Name the 4 exceptions to informed consent

Answer 12

• Emergencies
  -Incompetent pateints
  -Waiver
  -Therapeutic privilege

Question 13

What does Rule utilitarianism believe in relation to informed consent

Answer 13

-Getting consent builds trust and ensures better outcomes

Question 14

Explain Kantian ethics beliefs on:
-Autonomy
-Theraputic privilege
-Waivers

Answer 14

Believs:
-To always respect autonomy
-Therapeutic priviledge is unnaceptable
-Waivers are okay

Question 15

Explain Act utilitarianism beleifs in relation to Infromed conssent

Answer 15

That if skipping consent brings more benefit in a specific situation then its okay