COM 4 Anatomy

Question 1

What is the respiratory system

Answer 1

• A network of organs and tissues resposnible for breathing and for exchange of gases between the body and the external environment

Question 2

Name the 6 functions of the respiratory system

Answer 2

• Gas exchange- primary function
  -Airway protection
  -Speech and sound protection
  -Olfaction(smell)
  -Immunity
  -Homeostasis

Question 3

Name the 5 components of the respiratory system

Answer 3

• Upper respiratory tract
  -Lower respiratory tract
  -Lungs
  -Respiratory muscles
  -Nervous system

Question 4

What does the upper respiratory tract include

Answer 4

-Nose
-nasal cavity
-paransal sinuses
-pharynx
-layrnx

Question 5

What is the function fo the upper respiratory system

Answer 5

• Filters, warms and humdifies air

Question 6

What does the lower respiratory tract include

Answer 6

-Trachea
-Bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Lungs

Question 7

What is the function of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 7

• Conducts air
  facilisiates gas exchnage

Question 8

What is the primary organ of gas exchange

Answer 8

Lungs

Question 9

What does the lungs contain

Answer 9

Millions of alveoli

Question 10

Name the 2 respiratory muscles

Answer 10

• Diapghram
  -Intercostal muscles

Question 11

What is the function of the nervous system in respiration
- regulate
- Maintain

Answer 11

• Regulates rate and depth of breathing
• -Maintains normal blood ph via respiratoy control centers

Question 12

What is the nose

Answer 12

Part of the respiratory tract , superior to the hard palate

Question 13

What does the nose contain

Answer 13

• The peripheral organ of smell

Question 14

Name the 2 parts of the nose + what is idived by and into what

Answer 14

• External nose
  -Nasal cavity
  -Divided into right and left cavities by the nasal septum

Question 15

Name the 3 functions of the nose

Answer 15

• Olfaction
  -Respiration
  -Filtration of dust
  -

Question 16

Explain the features of the external nose
-What does the inferior surface contain + what are those called
-What is the Apex

-What is the Alae
-Function of the nasal septim

Answer 16

Contains 2 piriform (pearshaped) opens
-Called nares (nostrils)

-The tip of the nose

-Lateral walls (wings )
of the nose
-Divides the nasal cavity into right and left chambers

Question 17

Name the 3 components of the nasal septum + what they form

1. What it forms, descends from + continues superioly as
2. Structure+ what it forms + contributes with x2
3. Portion

Answer 17

• Perpendicular plate of ethmoid —> Forms the superior part , descends from the cribriform plate , continues superiorly as the cirsta galli
• Vomer- thib, flat bone , forms the postero-inferior part + contributes with :

-Nasal crests of the maxillary bones
-Nasal crests of palatine bones

• Septal cartilage
• Anterior portion

Question 18

Name the boundaries of the Nasal cavity

Answer 18

• Roof
  -floor
  -Medial wall
  -Lateral wall

Question 19

Explain the roof boundary of the nasal cavity
-Structure
-What is it divided into
-What is it formed by

Answer 19

• Curved and narrow
  -Divided into three parts:
• Frontonasal part
  -Ethmoidal part
  -Sphenoidal part
  -Formed by the body of the sphenoid

Question 20

Explain the floor boundary of the nasal cavity
- What is formed by x2

Answer 20

-Formed by the
-Palatein processes of the maxilla
-Horizontal plates of palatine bines

Question 21

Explain the mediall wall as a boundary of the nasal cavity
- What is it formed by

Answer 21

Nasal septum

Question 22

Explain the lateral wall as a boundary of the Nasal cavity
-What is it irregular due to

Answer 22

=Irregular due to nasal conchae

Question 23

What is the function of the nsala conchae in the nasall cavity

Answer 23

• Increases surface area and turbulence

Question 24

Name the 3 conchae in the nasal cavity

Answer 24

• Inferior concha
  -Middle concha
  -Superior conchs

Question 25

Name a feature of the nasal cavity

Answer 25

- Nasal conchae

Question 26

What is created beenath each nasal concha/conchae

Answer 26

- Meatuses

Question 27

Name all the meatuses created beneath each concah and where they are

Answer 27

-Inferior Meatus Between inferior concha and floor Middle Meatus Between inferior and middle concha Superior Meatus Between middle and superior concha Spheno-ethmoidal Recess Located superior and posterior to the superior concha

Question 28

Name 2 important structured in the middle meatus 1. What drains into it 2. What is it formed by

Answer 28

- Semilunar hiatus - Frontal sinus drains - Ethmoidal bulla - Formed by middle ethmoidal air cells

Question 29

Name the 5 main arteries supply that supply the nasal septum + what its from

Answer 29

- Anterior ethmoidal artery From the internal carotid artery system - Posterior ethmoidal artery From the internal carotid artery system -Sphemopalatien artery From external carotid artery systesm - Greater palatine artery From the external carotid artery system -Septal branch of the superior labial artery From the external carotid artery system

Question 30

Just name the 5 main arterial suply of the nasal septum + what the branch of

Answer 30

- Anterior ethmoidal artey - Opthalamic artery - Posterior ethmoidal arteyr - opthalamic artery -Sphenopalatine artery - Maxillary artery -Greater palatine artery- Maxillary artery -Septal branch of the superior labial artery - Facial artery

Question 31

What is Kiesselbachs area - Where is it located -What is it te site of - What is it formed by - What is it the most common site of

Answer 31

-Located in the anterior part of the nasal septum -Site of ricj arterial anastomatic plexus - Formed by all 5 arteies that supply the nasal septum - Most common site of epistaxis

Question 32

Explain the venous drainage of the nose- the NASAl cavity -What does it drain into- which veins x3

Answer 32

- Sphenopalatine vein -Facial vein -Opthalamic veins

Question 33

Explain the venous drainage of the nose - the External nose -Where does venous blood drain mainly into -+ VIA what

Answer 33

- Drains maily into the facial vein -Via: angular vein lateral nasal vein

Question 34

Name the 3 nerve supply of the Nasal cavity + what the first 2 are supplied by

Answer 34

- Postero-inferior portion of Nasal mucosa - supplied by maxillary nerve - Antero-supero portion of nasal mucosa-supplied by opthalamic nerve - Olfactory nerve

Question 35

Name the 4 types of paranasal sinuses

Answer 35

- Frontal -Ethmoidal -Sphenoidal -Maxillary sins

Question 36

What is the functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 36

- Lighten the weight of the head -Support immune defence -Humidify insipired air -Increases resonance of the voice

Question 37

Explain the frontal sinuses - Number -location -When is development detctable by -What does each sinus dain via

Answer 37

- Paired -Between outer and inner tables of the frontal bone -Usually detectable by 7 years age -Each sinus drains via a frontonasal duct

Question 38

What is the innervation of frontal sinus

Answer 38

- Supra-orbital nerve

Question 39

Explain ethmoidal sinuses -Location -Types of ethmoidal sinuses Innervation: -Blood supply

Answer 39

- wihtin ethmoid bone - Anterior ethmoid cells - -Middle ethmoidal cells -Posterior ethmoidal cells -Innervation: Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves - Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 40

Explain the sphenoid sinuses - Location -Blood supply -What is derived

Answer 40

- Within the body of the sphenoid bone - Pharyngeal branches of the maxillary nerve -Derived from posteriro ethmoidal cell

Question 41

Explain Maxillary sinuses -Name the anatomical relations 1. 2. 3.What is formed by what 4.What is it formed by

Answer 41

- Apex, base, roof , floor 3. Formed by the floor of the orbit 4, Formed by the alveolar part of the maxilla

Question 42

Explain the maxillary sinuses , what may it cause in relation to dental relationship

Answer 42

Conical elavations

Question 43

What is the main blood supply of maxillary sinus

Answer 43

- Superior alveolar branches of the maxillary artery

Question 44

What is the most common site of Nonsebleed

Answer 44

- Kiesselbach area

Question 45

What is cause of sinusitis + symptoms

Answer 45

- SPread of infection from the nasal cavity - Inflammation and swelling