Addiction

Question 1

what is main reward center associated with DOPA

Answer 1

nucleus accumbens and medial forebrain

Question 2

how do various drug act on reward pathways

Answer 2

cocaine - direct

others via indirect influence on DOPA

Question 3

5 aspects of drugs that make them more addictive

Answer 3

1. rapid onset
2. euphoria
3. short duration
4. tolerance development
5. withdrawal

Question 4

how does tolerance change with effect

Answer 4

opioids - longer toerance for pain, short tolerance for euphoria

Question 5

how does withdrawal occur

Answer 5

make more receptors and now when take away get a bounceback

Question 6

3 ways that fam Hx effects alc

Answer 6

1. fewer adverse effects
2. greater tolerance
3. more positive effects

Question 7

4 mental disorders linked by addition

Answer 7

1. anxiety
2. mood
3. psychosis
4. PTSD

Question 8

social roles in drugs

Answer 8

1. peer groups
2. social support
3. meaningful work

Question 9

4 C’s of addiction

Answer 9

1. Consequences
2. unable to Cut down
3. Cravings
4. Compulsive use

Question 10

what are brain effects of alcohol

Answer 10

sedative

1. inhibs NMDA (exitation)
2. enhances GABA (inhib)

Question 11

what is does response in alcohol

Answer 11

low dose - anxiolytic, pleasure

high dose - depression, anger, sedations

Question 12

what happens in alc withdrawal

Answer 12

compensitory inrease in NMDA and decr. in GABA - autonomic hyperactivity

Question 13

what are uncomplicated withdrawals of alcohol

Answer 13

1. cerebellar tremor
2. sweating
3. tachycard

Question 14

complicated withdrawals of alc

Answer 14

1. seizures
2. tachyarrhymias
3. hallucinations

Question 15

major Sx of withdrawal

Answer 15

DTs

Question 16

treatment for alc withdrawal

Answer 16

benzos

Question 17

3 alc prevention meds and their mechs

Answer 17

1. naltrexone - opioid receptor blocker - no eurphoria
2. acamprosate - enhances GABA to releive subacute withdrawal Sx
3. disulfiram - binds acetaldyhyd dehydrogenase - make sick

Question 18

what is neuro effect of nicotine

Answer 18

chameleon - relax when tense, stim when tired

Question 19

why is nicotine so hard to quit

Answer 19

rapid, many puff/day

Question 20

Sx of nicotine withdrawal

Answer 20

fatigue, irritability, craving

Question 21

what is buproprion

Answer 21

antidepressant - incr DOPA

Question 22

what is champix

Answer 22

partial nicotine antagonist/agonist - binds more tightly, but has more neuropsych effects

Question 23

how does opioids work

Answer 23

act on mu receptors to give sense of euphoria

Question 24

what is opioid withdrawal

Answer 24

chills, vomiting, depression, safe except in prenancy

Question 25

what does methadone do

Answer 25

at right dose is long acting and gets rid of withdrawal without the sedation or euphoria

Question 26

what is buprenorphine

Answer 26

sublingual partial agonist - displaces opioid

Question 27

what is action of cocaine

Answer 27

blocks presynaptic uptake of DOPA, NE and E