Dementia

Question 1

def dementia

Answer 1

syndrome of progressive deter. of cog. function sufficient to impact on daily life and occupational function

Question 2

clinical aspects to assess for dimentia (9)

Answer 2

1. attention problems
2. memory problems
3. language problems
4. visuospatial probs (getting lost)
5. exec. problems (planning)
6. praxis problems (doing things in order)
7. personality and behav. probs.
8. mood
9. probs. with daily function

Question 3

what should be taken on hX (3)

Answer 3

1. past medical
2. meds
3. assoc. Sx

Question 4

what is major risk factor

Answer 4

CV risk factors

Question 5

what does cog. testing do

Answer 5

confirms the nature of deficits

Question 6

what vitals are important

Answer 6

1. hypertension

2. orthostatic HT (lewy body dementia)

Question 7

9 things not to miss

Answer 7

1. treatable causes of dementia
2. infections
3. neoplastic
4. toxic - esp alc/benzos
5. obs. sleep apnea
6. psych - esp depression
7. vascular
8. autoimmune encephalopathies
9. epilepsy

Question 8

3 stages of mem. loss

Answer 8

1. normal
2. mild cog. impariment (prodrome)
3. dementia

Question 9

def of alzhemiers (3)

Answer 9

1. memory impairment
2. one of aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, exec. function
3. loss of social or occ. funciton FROM BEFORE

Question 10

time from early to death

Answer 10

9 years

Question 11

stages of alz and MMSE scores

Answer 11

1. cog. Sx 25-30
2. loss of funct. indep 20-25
3. behav. problems 10-20
4. nursing home placement 0-10

Question 12

strongest risk for dementia

Answer 12

age

Question 13

protective factors

Answer 13

1. cog, reserve
2. excercise
3. healthy diet
4. leisure

Question 14

risk factors

Answer 14

1. genes
2. CVD
3. HT
4. Diabetes
5. cholesterol
6. obeisity
7. smoking

Question 15

2 features on path of dementia

Answer 15

1. plaques of amyloid

2. tangles of Tau

Question 16

what is amyloid that is formed

Answer 16

amyloid Beta sheets

Question 17

what is consequence of neurodegenrative changes

Answer 17

less cholinergic transmission

Question 18

imaging finding of AD

Answer 18

1. biparietal reduction

2. medial temp lobe thickness

Question 19

what is CSF biomarker

Answer 19

presence of amyloid

Question 20

what is path of cholinergic defecit

Answer 20

loss of chol neurons>decrease in avail Ach>impariments

Question 21

treatment

Answer 21

anticholinesterase (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine)