Lymphocytes

Question 1

2 types of immune response

Answer 1

1. innate

2. adaptive

Question 2

time for 2 different immune responses

Answer 2

1. innate - hour to days

2. adaptive > 5 days

Question 3

cells for 2 different immune responses

Answer 3

1. innate - WBC’s phagocytose

2. adaptive - lymphocytes - antigen antibodies

Question 4

2 main types of lymphocytes and where from

Answer 4

1. B cells - bone marrow

2. T- cells - marrow, but mature in thymus

Question 5

where do 2 different cells exist in lymph nodes

Answer 5

1. B cells - follicles

2. T- cells - paracortical

Question 6

where do lymphocytes exist in spleen

Answer 6

white pulp

1. B cells - lymphoid follicle
2. T- cells - periarteriole sheath

Question 7

what are markers for 2 different lymphocytes dev.

Answer 7

1. B cells - CD19

2. T- cells - CD3

Question 8

2 key reactions during lymphocyte differentiation

Answer 8

1. T-cell receptor gene rearrangment

2. selection and apop.

Question 9

2 function of antigen receptors

Answer 9

1. antigen recognition

2. cell signaling

Question 10

what is rearranged in each lympho to make antigenreceptor

Answer 10

1. B cells - immunoglobulin genes

2. T- cells - T-cell receptor genes

Question 11

3 possible outcomes of rearrangments

Answer 11

1. positive selection - responds well to antigens
2. neg. selections - death bc too stongly self-reactive
3. (90%) cel death - bad rearrangements

Question 12

path of t-cell dev.

Answer 12

common precursor>to thymus>signal for precursors to commit to T>massive cell death

Question 13

marker for increased B and T cell diversity

Answer 13

TdT

Question 14

features of ALL B-cell precursors

Answer 14

• bone marrow infiltration
• pancytopenia
• bone pain
• splenomegaly
• CD19 and Tdt

Question 15

signs of burkit lymphoma

Answer 15

• lymphoid masses in small bowel
• rapid cell turnover
• mature B cells

Question 16

signs of lymphoblastic lymphoma

Answer 16

• thymus ant. mediastinal mass

- CD3 and Tdt

Question 17

** 3 causes of malignant transformation

Answer 17

1. abnormal cell proliferation
2. impaired cell death
3. blocked differentiation

Question 18

2 major times of mutations to occur

Answer 18

1. DNA breaks during rearragment for antigens

2. clonal expansion- after contact antigen

Question 19

Aprox. number of mutations required for malignant transformation in ALL

Answer 19

6

Question 20

when do most mutations occur for ALL

Answer 20

before birth

Question 21

better target to identify residual blasts in blood

Answer 21

immunoglobulin or T-cell markers - more precise that microscolpy (5%)

Question 22

what does chromosomal translocation do to cause ALL

Answer 22

overexpression of oncogenes at breakpoint