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Question 1

2 types of curvature and location

Answer 1

1. Lordosis- C and L

2. Kyphosis - T and S

Question 2

Lateral changes in spine

Answer 2

scoliosis

Question 3

Make-up of vertebral arch

Answer 3

post. body, pedicles, lamina

Question 4

joint between ant and posterior articular facets

Answer 4

z-joint

Question 5

Features of C vert. (5)

Answer 5

1. bifid spinous process
2. short trans process
3. Transverse foramen
4. Small body
5. Uncus on body

Question 6

Features of T vert (3)

Answer 6

1. Long spinous process
2. Heart shaped vert. foramen
3. Demifacets for ribs

Question 7

Features of L vert

Answer 7

1. Large kidney body

2. Thick, short processes

Question 8

Features of atlas

Answer 8

!. no spinous process

2. no body, but 2 lateral masses
3. Short transverse with foramen

Question 9

Features of axis

Answer 9

1. 2 large sur articular facets

2. No body, but has odontoid process to connect with atlas

Question 10

Joint b/w atlas and axis

Answer 10

atlanto-axial joint

Question 11

Joint between atlas and skull

Answer 11

atlanto-occipital joint

Question 12

Insides of disc

Answer 12

nucleus pulposus, anular rings

Question 13

Ligaments of the spine (7)

Answer 13

1. ligamentum flavum (lamina to lamina)
2. Post. longitudinal lig. (lays over IV discs)
3. Ant. longitudinal lig. (connects ant. spine)
4. Transverse lig. (connects adj. transverse procs.)
5. Interspinous lig. (connects inf. spinous procs.)
6. Supraspinous lig (connects tips of spinous procs.)
7. Nuchal lig. (connects occ. to C7 spinous process)

Question 14

Level of illiac crests

Answer 14

L4/5

Question 15

Level of PSIS

Answer 15

S2

Question 16

Innervation of spinal column

Answer 16

Column - reccurent meningeal of SPINAL nerve

z-joints - articular branch of post. rami

Question 17

Blood supply at each level

Answer 17

C -vert branches of aorta + asc cervical arts.
T - post. intercostals
L - Lumbar branches + subcostal art.
S - illiolumbar + sacral art.

Question 18

Drainage of vertebrae

Answer 18

Neck - vertebral veins

Body - segmental veins