upper extremity factors

Question 1

2 issues with scaphoid fracture

Answer 1

1. heal in cast with a thumb

2. high incidence of malunion and non-union due to probs with blood supply

Question 2

how can you help reduce

Answer 2

put pins through

Question 3

how to heal distal radial fractures

Answer 3

1. can usually be reduced closed
2. usually heal in cast in 6 weeks
3. surgery indicated for intra-articular, severe displacement

Question 4

2 issues with forearm fractures

Answer 4

1. high incidence of non and mal-union

2. neccesoty fracture -need to fix right to have full ROM

Question 5

features if distal humeral fractures

Answer 5

• usually intra-articular
• bi-modal age dist (young males and old females)
• stiffness is most common complaint
• open reduction and fixation required for early motion

Question 6

other option for elderly people

Answer 6

total elbow replacement

Question 7

features of humeral shaft fractures

Answer 7

• radial nerve injuries common
• most heal in a splint without surg.
• surg. for open and failed non-operative

Question 8

causes of clavicular

Answer 8

birth
falls
- usually heal in a sling

Question 9

what is major issue in clavicular

Answer 9

sub-clav. artery

- check distal pulsess

Question 10

3 other shoulder injuries

Answer 10

1. intrinisic bony instability
2. affect soft tissues
3. dislocation common

Question 11

3 shoulder dislocations

Answer 11

1. glenohemoral
2. AC
3. sternoclav

Question 12

4 types of instabilty

Answer 12

1. congential
2. acute
3. chronic
4. recurrent

Question 13

5 ways of classifying instability

Answer 13

1. anterior
2. post
3. inf
4. intra-thoracic
5. multi directional

Question 14

2 Musts in a dislocation

Answer 14

1. ALWAYS a lateral

2. trans-axial lateral are best