Protozoa

Question 1

4 classes of protozoa

Answer 1

1. amoeba
2. flaggelates
3. ciliates
4. apicomplexans

Question 2

2 types of life cycles

Answer 2

Direct - 1 host

indirect - 2 hosts

Question 3

2 hosts in indirect

Answer 3

definitive - species in which sexually maturing parasite reaches maturity
intermediate - spec, in which larval or non-sexual stages develop

Question 4

6 ways protozoa harm their hosts

Answer 4

1. mechanical
2. resource competition
3. cytotoxicity
4. inflammation
5. immune-mediated
6. malignant transformation

Question 5

3 host responses to protozoa

Answer 5

1. cell mediated - effector cell activation and cytoxins
2. macrophages - phaogcytose and ROS
3. humoral - act on cell wall and ABs neutralize parasite via attachment blockade

Question 6

what are cell and humoral mediated good against

Answer 6

cell - need to clear intracellular protozoa

humoral - enhances cytotoxic and phagocitic potential

Question 7

6 ways to test for protozoa

Answer 7

1. direct examination
2. culture
3. antigen detection - Rapid Diagnostic Test
4. host antibody detection
5. nucleic acid amplification
6. radiologic - liver abscess

Question 8

5 medical ways of treating

Answer 8

1. antibiotics- a couple
2. antifungals - azoles
3. antiparasitics - all protozoa
4. herbs/plant - quinine
5. elements

Question 9

surgical method

Answer 9

percutaneous drainage

Question 10

what is leishmaniasis

Answer 10

in direct in human and sandfly

Question 11

clinical sign of leish

Answer 11

skin ulcer

Question 12

2 different presentations of leish

Answer 12

oglioparasitic - mucocutaneous - Cell mediated defence (Th1)

polyparasitic - diffuse skin and visceral (bad) - antibody mediated

Question 13

4 ways to diagnose

Answer 13

1. direct exam - biopsy
2. culture
3. AB detection - serology
4. Nucleic acid - PCR

Question 14

4 treatments of leish

Answer 14

1. antibiotics
2. antifungals - azoles
3. antiparasitics - no
4. herbs/plant - garlic
5. elements - antimony

Question 15

what is malaria

Answer 15

indirect protozoa in mosquito - then liver - then blood

Question 16

3 ways to diagnose malaria

Answer 16

1. direct exam - blood film
2. antigen detection - RDT
3. nucleic acid - PCR

Question 17

gold standard detection

Answer 17

smear - do again if negative

Question 18

what is RDT test good for finding

Answer 18

P. falciparum

Question 19

3 treatments of malaria

Answer 19

1. AB - doxycycline
2. anti-parasitics - chloroquin
3. plants -quinine

Question 20

what is needed to treat liver stage of malaria in P. ovale

Answer 20

primaquine