Concussion

Question 1

concussion stats

Answer 1

most common brain injury - 200,000 per year

Question 2

2 reasons brain injury is important

Answer 2

1. cause of half of all trauma deaths

2. most common cause of perm disability

Question 3

def. of concussion

Answer 3

immediate and temp alteration of mental functioning due to trauma

Question 4

what is mech of concussion

Answer 4

unknown, but rotational acceleration more important than linear accel - axonal injury may occur

Question 5

what is concussion NOT due to

Answer 5

bleeding, tearing or bruising of brain

Question 6

6 common causes of concussion

Answer 6

1. MVA
2. falls
3. work
4. sports
5. military
6. spouse abuse

Question 7

what is conseq. of multiple concussion

Answer 7

brain degen

Question 8

what are early Sx of concussion

Answer 8

One of:

1. amnesia
2. loss of consc.
3. headache
4. dizziness
5. nausea
6. poor concentration
7. loss of vision
8. vomiting

Question 9

later Sx of concussion

Answer 9

1. memory loss
2. fatigue
3. blurred vision
4. vertigo
5. light sensitivity

Question 10

3 Late late Sx

Answer 10

1. depression
2. dementia
3. suicide

Question 11

how common is loss of conscious

Answer 11

5-10% only - just for a few minutes

Question 12

can you diagnose with CT or MRI?

Answer 12

NO - almost always looks fine

Question 13

what are diagnosis probs.

Answer 13

clinical diagnosis - bad docs and lying patients

Question 14

6 steps to return to play

Answer 14

1. rest
2. light aerobic
3. sport specific
4. drills without contact
5. drills with contact
6. play

Question 15

what happens if Sx return

Answer 15

go back to step 1 and have evaluated

Question 16

what are permanent termination modifiers (4)

Answer 16

1. continuing Sx or signs
2. multiple conc. over a short period
3. long duration to recover
4. lesions seen on MRI/CT

Question 17

what is issue with return to learn or work

Answer 17

more complex and needs to be individualized with a physician

Question 18

when to use baseline testing

Answer 18

just use SCAT-3 as it’s cheap

Question 19

when is detailed neuropsych testing useful

Answer 19

cog. deficits and emotional changes

Question 20

what is second impact syndrome

Answer 20

from a second concussion when first one is still healing

Question 21

what is problem with SIS

Answer 21

cerebrovasclar congestion and edema and can be fatal

Question 22

what is chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Answer 22

many little concussions over time - leads to intellectual decline and balance problems

Question 23

what is mech of CTE

Answer 23

deposition of tau proteins in the neuronal cell bodies

Question 24

what is only biomarker for CTE

Answer 24

tau on autopsy