strabismus + amblyopia

Question 1

4 visual assessements in new borns

Answer 1

1. fixate face
2. eye popping in dark
3. close eyes in ight
4. fixation and follow reflex

Question 2

2 tests of preferential looking

Answer 2

1. teller acuity
2. cardiff cards
   - with both eyes or one at a time

Question 3

how to assess at 3 months

Answer 3

with teller cards

Question 4

how to assess preverbal

Answer 4

cardiff cards

Question 5

4 other was to assess

Answer 5

1. matching games
2. shapes
3. letters
4. tumbling Es

Question 6

how many eye muscles

Answer 6

7 - levator palpebra

Question 7

what do superior and inferior obliques do

Answer 7

sup - pulls 12 to nose - down in adduction

inf - pulls 12 away from nose - up in adduction

Question 8

what is strabismus

Answer 8

ocular misalignment of any kind

Question 9

4 types of strab

Answer 9

eso - in
exo - out
hyper - up
hypo

Question 10

def. alternating esotropia

Answer 10

eso switches back and forth depending on what side of visual field is being used

Question 11

what is simple test to diagnose strab

Answer 11

hirshberg - uses a light to reflect off the cornea which acts like a mirror

Question 12

def. pseudoesotropia

Answer 12

wide nasal bridge causes it to look like it;s off because can’t see the white of the eye

Question 13

what is diff. between in tropia and phoria

Answer 13

tropia - manifest deviation, test with cover-uncover, visible under binocular viewing
phoria - latent deviation, alternating cover test, only visible when binocular vision suspended

Question 14

3 risks with strabismus

Answer 14

1. amblyopia - vision in deviated eye worse
2. loss of stereo
3. appeaance

Question 15

3 causes of strabismus

Answer 15

1. poor vision in one eye - brain cuts it out
2. need for glasses - especially with higher reflractive errros
3. eye muscle imbalance

Question 16

5 treats of strab

Answer 16

1. glasses
2. surgery
3. prisms
4. botox
5. pathces

Question 17

what is strab emergency

Answer 17

when the eye cannot move fully in all directions

Question 18

why is amblyopia important

Answer 18

most common cause of vision loss in children

Question 19

def. amblyopia

Answer 19

• decrease in vision because only a blurred vision is recieved from one or both eyes
• can only get in childhood

Question 20

what is bilateral amblyopia

Answer 20

uncommon

• when the brain received equally shitty images from both eyes
• often due to cataracts

Question 21

what is unilateral amblyopia

Answer 21

most common form of amblyopia

- brain prefers one eye over the eye

Question 22

3 reasons for unilateral amblyiopia

Answer 22

1. stim deprivation (ptosis or cataract block)
2. unequal refractive error
3. strab

Question 23

what is effect of amblyopia

Answer 23

• perm visual loss in affected life

- need to prevent injury risk in the good eye

Question 24

4 treatments of amblyopia

Answer 24

1. fix any underlying abnormality
2. prescribe glasses
3. occlusion of good eye
4. meds to occlude good eye

Question 25

outcomes for amblyopia treat

Answer 25

best if treated early - some success if after 9yo - make sure don't over-occlude the good eye