Common problems in infancy

Question 1

5 aspects of transactional model of development

Answer 1

1. attachment
2. separation
3. autonomy
4. mastery
5. problems

Question 2

4 important parts of attachement

Answer 2

1. bonding
2. internal security
3. stranger anxiety
4. exploration

Question 3

3 important parts of separation

Answer 3

1. feeling secure
2. taking risk
3. parent aknowledges risk

Question 4

4 behaviors related to autonomy

Answer 4

1. thumbsucking
2. behahavior indep.
3. rocking/head banging
4. transitional objects

Question 5

4 examples of mastery

Answer 5

1. competence in env.
2. feediing
3. exploring
4. dressing

Question 6

5 times dev. can be problematic

Answer 6

1. thumbsucking
2. sleep dist.
3. exploring
4. temper tantrums
5. toilet traingin

Question 7

def. of infant colic (3)

Answer 7

1. 3hrs/day
2. 3 days/wk
3. 3 weeks in a row

Question 8

Ddx for colic

Answer 8

1. cows milk
2. otitis media
3. GI prob

Question 9

treatment for colic

Answer 9

• support mom

- swaddle

Question 10

def. of gastroespophaeal reflux GER

Answer 10

regurg. in an otherwise healthy infant

- sphyncter

Question 11

def. GER disease (GERD)

Answer 11

reflux that causes symptoms

Question 12

3 complications of GERD

Answer 12

1. esophagitis
2. failure to thrive
3. resp. problems

Question 13

4 treatments of GERD

Answer 13

1. hypoallergenic formula
2. prop
3. thicken formula
4. drugs

Question 14

use of acid supression in GERD?

Answer 14

no evidence

Question 15

3 causes of sleep problems

Answer 15

1. acute illness
2. drugs - stims
3. pain - otitis, bowel

Question 16

4 steps to treat sleep

Answer 16

1. extinction
2. set the stage for sleep
3. transitional objects
4. ferber - reassurance and allow to sleep alone

Question 17

triad of Sx in Croup (laryngeo-tracheo-bronch)

Answer 17

1. stridor
2. barky cough
3. hoarse voice

Question 18

etiology of croup

Answer 18

viral and small pliant trachea

Question 19

6 treatments of croup

Answer 19

1. fluids
2. humidity
3. cold air
4. steroids
5. emergency for stridor at rest
6. inhalation of racemic epin

Question 20

what causes most pneumonia

Answer 20

viral

Question 21

pneumonia bact. at birth to 1 month

Answer 21

strep B, coliforms

Question 22

pneumonia bact. 1 month to 1 year

Answer 22

H. influ
Staph
Chlam

Question 23

pneumonia bact. 1 year to 5

Answer 23

pneumococcus

mycoplasma

Question 24

treatment of pneumococc.

Answer 24

ampicillin

Question 25

treatment mycoplasma

Answer 25

erythromycin or macrolides

Question 26

2 benefits to fever

Answer 26

1. tells us there is a prob. | 2. helps immune response

Question 27

2 probs. with fever

Answer 27

1. increaes metabolic demands | 2. look and feel unwell

Question 28

4 causes of fever

Answer 28

1. infection 2. inflammatory (endogenous) - kawasaki disease - IBS 3. malignancy 4. miscellaneous - immune - dehydration - drugs

Question 29

what is cold stats in infant

Answer 29

3-8 per year rhinovirus contact spread

Question 30

what is treatment of cold (4)

Answer 30

1. NONE 2. suportive (NaCl drops, steam) 3. pharma - advil and tylenol 4. NOT oral decon. or antihistamines

Question 31

***what is CPS reccomendation on cold

Answer 31

don't use drugs under 6

Question 32

stats on otitis media

Answer 32

most common cause for visit and script

Question 33

2 probs with otitits

Answer 33

1. pain | 2. hearing loss- can lead to problems

Question 34

3 signs of middle ear infectiopn

Answer 34

1. fluid - immobile tympanic membrane or fluid outside 2. inflammation - bulgin tympanic membrane 3. pain

Question 35

major cause of otitis

Answer 35

bacteria

Question 36

do most otitis need ABs

Answer 36

no

Question 37

2 groups that likely need ABs

Answer 37

1. under 6months | 2. bilateral

Question 38

CPS guidlines to observe with no AB

Answer 38

1. over 6 months 2. no immune def. 3. illness not severe, and fever

Question 39

*** treatment of otitis media

Answer 39

1. Amox 75-90 in 2 doses of resisitant | 2. amox 45-50 in 2 doses in low resistance

Question 40

2 options in fails

Answer 40

1. amox-clav | 2. ceftriaxone

Question 41

what are the effects of putting tubes in the ears

Answer 41

no improvement in dev. outcomes

Question 42

3 factors that influence medication compliance

Answer 42

1. freqency - less is better 2. taste 3 cost

Question 43

what is best way if need to prescribe ABs

Answer 43

give as a safety net for parents to use if they need