Ped. patho

Question 1

def. dev age

Answer 1

age from date of fert. to death of live birth

Question 2

def. gestational age

Answer 2

age from date of first day of mother last period to birth/death

Question 3

diff. between 2

Answer 3

2 weeks

Question 4

def. embyronal period

Answer 4

period of major organ dev.

- first 8 weeks

Question 5

def. fetal period

Answer 5

9th week to birth

Question 6

def. perinatal period

Answer 6

period of late fetal life (28wks) to first week of birth

Question 7

def. spont. abortion

Answer 7

loss of conception prior to period of viability

• defineld legally
• in ONT under 20 wks GA

Question 8

def. still birth

Answer 8

late fetal deatch before complete expulsion or removal of fetus from mother

• > 20wks OR >500grms
• no sign of life

Question 9

def. maceration

Answer 9

softening and degeneration of fetal tissues that occur after death with retention of fetus in utero

Question 10

what is rate of spont. abortion

Answer 10

40% are lost before period of viability

- most before preg. is apparetn

Question 11

2 general cats. of spont. abort

Answer 11

1. genetic

2. env

Question 12

3 genetic causes

Answer 12

1. trisomies
2. monosomy X
3. polyploidy

Question 13

5 points env. factors can play a role

Answer 13

1. implantation
2. infections
3. incompatibility
4. maternal
5. placental

Question 14

2 implantation problems

Answer 14

1. luteal phase def.
   - def., of progesterone production by corpus luteaum
   - 35% of women with abort
2. ectopic preg
   - fallopian tube

Question 15

2 types of infection

Answer 15

1. chorioamnionitis

2. maternal blood borne

Question 16

what is incompatibility (2)

Answer 16

1. maternal immune system is able to “see” fetus

2. MHC incompatibilty

Question 17

5 possible maternal illnesses

Answer 17

1. DM2
2. lupus
3. antiphosohilips antibody syndrome
4. maternal hypertension
5. drugs

Question 18

5 possible placental paths

Answer 18

1. chorioamniitits
2. villitis of unknown etilogy
3. decidual vasculopathy
4. placental abruptions
5. infarcts

Question 19

incidence of stillbirths

Answer 19

55% of perinatal deaths

- 9% during delivery

Question 20

5 possible causes of stillbirth

Answer 20

1. complications
2. maternal infection
3. maternal disorders
4. felatl growth restriction
5. congential

Question 21

how many still of unknown causes

Answer 21

50% m=but many have asphyxia

Question 22

what happens with fetal demise and asphyxia

Answer 22

• meconium discarge staines placenta

Question 23

what happens in asphyxia with survival

Answer 23

severe brain injury

Question 24

maternal causes of stillbirth

Answer 24

1. toxemia of preg
2. lupus antibodies
3. maternal thrombophilia
4. DM

Question 25

def. preeclampsia

Answer 25

1. widepread maternal endothelia dysfunction - hypertension - edema - proteinuria

Question 26

def. eclampsia

Answer 26

``` more severe with neuro symptoms HELLP syndrome - hemolysis - elev liver enzymes - low platelets ```

Question 27

maternal associations with toxemia

Answer 27

- young mom - multigravida - hypertension - smoker - poor preg weight gain

Question 28

what are placental causes of stillbrith

Answer 28

1. abruption 2. cord accidents 3 twins

Question 29

what is placental abruption

Answer 29

- damage to maternal spiral arteries - bleeds between uterus and placenta - separation of placenta from uterine lining

Question 30

clinical complicaitons of abruption

Answer 30

- contraction - pain - hemmorage - fetal hypoxia/death

Question 31

5 causes of abruption

Answer 31

1. hyper tnesiokn 2. chorioamnioitis 3. SLE 4. DM 5 trauma

Question 32

3 types of cord accidents

Answer 32

1. true knots 2. prolapse 3. entaglement

Question 33

what is worst twin type

Answer 33

monochornic -share blood

Question 34

2 twin problems

Answer 34

1. twin-twin transfusion | 2. cord entanglement

Question 35

what is keihauer betke test

Answer 35

estimates volume of fetal blood in maternal circ | - too much blood loss from bb

Question 36

2 main routes of infection

Answer 36

1. maternal hematogenous | 2. asncending amniotic

Question 37

most common type of blood born infeciton

Answer 37

viruses, TORCH organism

Question 38

what is congenital rubella

Answer 38

- risk in first trimester - fetal growth restircion - microencephaly - cataracts - hearts disease

Question 39

def, fetal hydrops

Answer 39

accummulation of extra vasucal fluids - edema