Heart dev

Question 1

5 types of mesoderm

Answer 1

1. cardiogenic
2. Paraaxial
3. Nephrogenic
4. Lateral plate
5. Notochoral

Question 2

Type of mesoderm that is most cranial

Answer 2

cardiogenic - heart

Question 3

point where R and L heart fields meet

Answer 3

cardiac crescent

Question 4

tissue source of aorta

Answer 4

splancheopleuric mesoderm

Question 5

3 keys steps in heart formation

Answer 5

1. pre-looping - formation of chambers
2. looping - linear tube loops and fold on itself - to RIGHT
3. post-looping - dev of detailed structures in heart

Question 6

4 primitive chambers and their products (caudal to cranial)

Answer 6

1. primitive atrium - L and R atria
2. Prim ventricle - LV
3. bulbis cordis - RV
4. truncus - main outflow - aorta and pulm trunck

Question 7

4 products of dextro looping

Answer 7

1. apex on left
2. RV rotates ant.
3. perfect spacial geometry
4. Veinous pole brought cranial

Question 8

2 adv of looping

Answer 8

1. stronger beat

2. geometry alignment

Question 9

heart on R and whole body on right

Answer 9

dextrocardia - levo-looping

situs inversus totalis

Question 10

source of main portion of atria

Answer 10

veins themselves (sinuses)

Question 11

source of atrial appendages and sinuses

Answer 11

app - primitive artria

sinuses - veines

Question 12

beginning point of atrial wall

Answer 12

septum primum

Question 13

second adjacent wall of atria

Answer 13

septum secundum

Question 14

2 holes in original atrial wall

Answer 14

osium primum and secundum

Question 15

Formation of AV valves

Answer 15

Common AV orifice separated in 2 by endocardial cushions

Question 16

What happens when AV process goes wrong

Answer 16

AV septal deficits (AVSD)

Question 17

3 components of IV septum

Answer 17

1. Thick wall of muscle from vent. floor
2. endocardial cushions
3. single outflow artery (truncus)

Question 18

failure of truncal septation

Answer 18

persistent truncus arteriosus

Question 19

two divisions of truncus

Answer 19

aorta and pulm trunck

Question 20

time when heart appears and functions

Answer 20

appears - 3rd week
function 4th

Question 21

what begins to separate AV

Answer 21

endocardial cushions

Question 22

location of ostium primum and secundom

Answer 22

septum primum

Question 23

side on which septum secundum appears

Answer 23

R side

Question 24

what septum primum becomes

Answer 24

valve of foramen ovale

Question 25

where IV septum starts

Answer 25

floor of ventricles

Question 26

effect of placental occlusion

Answer 26

fall in pressure to R atrium

Question 27

effect of pulm bloodflow

Answer 27

incr. L atrium pressure

Question 28

define transpostition

Answer 28

PT and aorta backwards

Question 29

cause of patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 29

abnormal neural crest cell formation