Calcium basics

Question 1

Where are hormones created

Answer 1

endocrine glands/cels

Question 2

what stims the release of hormones

Answer 2

stimuli (metabolite, hormones, neurotransmitter)

Question 3

3 main types of hormones

Answer 3

1. peptide/protein (3+ AAs)
2. steroid (from cholesterol)
3. amine (single AA)

Question 4

where in cell are peptide hormones created

Answer 4

DNA>mRNA>ER (translated)>golgi>secreted

Question 5

how is cholesterol turned into steroid hormones

Answer 5

enzymes (in mitochondria and smooth ER)

Question 6

2 things that determine the biological activity of hormones

Answer 6

1. target cell - what is does

2. metabolism (liver, kidney)

Question 7

where are Ca and P ions most concentrated

Answer 7

Ca - extracellular

P - intracellular

Question 8

what happens to most Ca injested

Answer 8

feces

Question 9

what % are the 2 bone types

Answer 9

80% compact

20% spongy

Question 10

what % Ca turnover per year for adult and children

Answer 10

adult - 18%

child - 100%

Question 11

what bone cell incr. Ca and how

Answer 11

osteoclast -creates acidic env,

Question 12

what regulates osteoclast diff.

Answer 12

osteoblasts

Question 13

what signal does blast use to tell clast to diff.

Answer 13

RANKL on blast to RANK on clast

Question 14

what can be used to block RANKL ligand

Answer 14

OPG - no clast diff.

Question 15

what are 2 main promoters of RANKL

Answer 15

1. calcitriol

2. PTH

Question 16

which 3 hormones control plasma Ca

Answer 16

1. PTH
2. Calcitriol
3. Calcitonin

Question 17

3 target sites of these hormones

Answer 17

1. bones
2. kidneys
3. digestive tract

Question 18

where is PTH produces

Answer 18

parathyroid

Question 19

half life of PTH

Answer 19

10 mins

Question 20

2 funstions of PTH

Answer 20

1. nicrease plasma Ca

2. reduce plasma Ph

Question 21

what is PTH stim

Answer 21

low Ca or high Ph

Question 22

what does PTH do to bone

Answer 22

increase RANKL>more clast>bone resorbtion

Question 23

what does PTH do to kidney

Answer 23

increase Ca reabsrb

2. inrc. calcitriol
3. lower Ph reabsrob

Question 24

what are calcitriol effects in intestine

Answer 24

increase Ca transport into body

Question 25

what are calcitriol effects in kidney

Answer 25

Ca reabsorb via TRPV5

Question 26

what are calcitriol effects in bone

Answer 26

incr blast, but also RANKL so more clasts

Question 27

where is calcitonin made and half life

Answer 27

thyroid and 10 mins

Question 28

what are effects of calcitonin in bone and kidney

Answer 28

bone - inhibit clast | kidney - incr. Ca excretion